{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:21:29Z","timestamp":1779909689931,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People who have diabetes mellitus (DM) are thought to be more susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Several published comparative investigations have reported that chest x\u2010ray images from PTB with DM are considered atypical due to their frequent involvement of the lower lung field (LLF). This study aimed to investigate the frequency of lower lung field tuberculosis (LLF\u2010TB) in DM and the risk factor of DM for the development of TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a cross\u2010sectional study. PTB was diagnosed by positive sputum acid\u2010fast bacilli (AFB),\/Culture,\/Gene Xpert MTB\/RIF, and DM, which was proven by taking oral hypoglycemic drugs or receiving insulin at the time of hospital admission. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis and seropositive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were excluded from this study. A chest x\u2010ray posterior\u2010anterior (P\/A) view was done to assess the frequency and patterns of lung involvement. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factor of DM for the development of TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 117 PTB\u2010DM participants were studied in this study. The mean age and frequency of isolated LLF\u2010TB were 53.17\u2009\u00b1\u200914.38 years and 20.5%, respectively. The prevalence of LLF\u2010TB and other radiological patterns were statistically significantly correlated with smear positivity (83.3% vs. 20.4%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)\u2009&gt;\u200950\u2009mm (95.8% vs. 16.1%), and HbA1c\u2009&gt;\u20097 (79.2% vs. 16.1%). Regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) was 6.81 and 3.93 for DM and age (&gt;\u200940 years) for the development of LLF\u2010TB (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of LLF\u2010TB among PTB DM patients was around 1\/5th. The development of LLF\u2010TB was substantially associated with DM and age greater than 40 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1737684093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Frequency of Lower Lung Field Tuberculosis in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Raihan Kamal","family":"Galib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology ZH Shikder Womens Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2766-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanta Kumar","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khujjista","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Dhaka Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manzurul Ibrahim","family":"Musa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Khulna Medical College Hospital Khulna Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dip Jyoti","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2036-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shah Ashiqur Rahman Ashiq","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shipan Chandra","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9060-6185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajashish","family":"Chakrabortty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.11-4-344"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-234"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"WHO Global Tuberculosis Report: WHO Library Cataloguing\u2010in\u2010Publication Data World 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069642"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0474"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.5.1514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-81"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121698"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61506-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01558.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.13.128371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/seajph.v6i2.31837"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Atypical Radiological Images of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 192 Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Study","volume":"5","author":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Guzman C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.2.539"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70282-8"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"3205","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Diabetics","volume":"56","author":"Nakamoto A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho. 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