{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:40:13Z","timestamp":1781685613458,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monkeypox (Mpox), caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has emerged as a significant global public health concern, particularly following a substantial multi\u2010country outbreak in mid\u20102022. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 109,699 laboratory\u2010confirmed Mpox cases and 236 fatalities worldwide from January 1, 2022, to September 30, 2024. This narrative review aims to evaluate the co\u2010infections of Mpox with various viral agents and assess their implications for public health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature regarding Mpox co\u2010infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), hepatitis viruses (hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)), and herpesviruses (including herpes simplex virus (HSV)\u20101, HSV\u20102, varicella\u2010zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed epidemiological trends, clinical manifestations, preventive measures, treatment guidelines, and advanced diagnostic methodologies. The review highlights the intricate dynamics of Mpox co\u2010infections and underscores the necessity for comprehensive diagnostic approaches, including viral load assays, to evaluate active co\u2010infections, particularly for HIV and HBV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the interplay between MPXV and other viral pathogens is crucial for enhancing management strategies for co\u2010infections. By addressing these complexities, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the public health implications of Mpox co\u2010infections and improve response strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T16:31:47Z","timestamp":1741710707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mpox and Viral Co\u2010Infections: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7605-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Nakhaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit, Afzalipour Hospital Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh","family":"Rukerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5488-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niloofar","family":"Farsiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Bashash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Khodadadpour","family":"Mahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7282-3538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasir","family":"Arefinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Jiroft University of Medical Sciences Jiroft Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Charostad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Zarei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"John B. 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