{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T19:48:10Z","timestamp":1786909690028,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to validate the Scientific Authority Questionnaire (SAQ) from the perspective of faculty members in medical science universities in Iran, as they are entrusted with the responsibility of obtaining scientific authority in universities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, multivariate factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the SAQ. The study included 379 faculty members of Iranian medical science universities in the fourth planning region in 2023, and the research instrument was a 17\u2010item SAQ. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis (PCA), promax rotation, and Kaiser index was performed to evaluate the factor structure of the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to confirm the EFA. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra\u2010scale correlation were used to measure internal reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EFA and CFA results confirmed that the SAQ contained three factors and 17 items. The content validity of the items was high, as shown by the face validity results (CVR\u2009\u2265\u20090.81, I\u2010CVI\u2009\u2265\u20090.84). Three principal components explaining 70.46% of the variance were obtained after PCA with promax rotation according to Kaiser criterion and eigenvalues. The principal indices in CFA were higher than 0.9, indicating a good fit of the model. In addition, the reliability of the SAQ was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 and a test\u2010retest reliability of 0.81.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No patients or the public were involved in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SAQ is a contextually relevant, reliable, and valid tool for assessing faculty members' scientific authority. The results of the study suggest that universities need to strengthen their links with industry to build scientific authority. Nevertheless, the instrument needs further development to improve its robustness and address potential limitations. Psychometric studies should be conducted with new populations to ensure the applicability of the SAQ in different contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T07:33:03Z","timestamp":1747639983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation of a Scientific Authority Questionnaire for Faculty Members in Medical Science Universities: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6245-5447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naser","family":"Kamyari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC) Abadan University of Medical Sciences Abadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1599-9374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Seyedtabib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Interpretation of Scientific Authority for Educational Institutions by Applying Grounded Theory","volume":"4","author":"Goodarzi G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Technology Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Scientific Authority in the Light of the Development of Academic Freedom: A Study of Faculty Members' Perspectives","volume":"33","author":"Mahmoudi Topkanlou H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rahyaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817431116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14429\/djlit.35.5.8429"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0001839214560743"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJTESSS.2020010102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3182a37329"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"The Current Status of Science, Technology and Health Innovation of IR Iran [Internet]","volume":"1","author":"Mohagheghi M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJHP YR"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","unstructured":"Report and Resolution on Use of Academic Analytics | New Brunswick Faculty Council [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jun 30] https:\/\/nbfc.rutgers.edu\/documents\/report\u2010and\u2010resolution\u2010use\u2010academic\u2010analytics."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u201094\u2010007\u20101116\u20107_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Perception of Faculty Members on Being Professional in Iran's Higher Education System","volume":"23","author":"Ahanchian M. R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"IRPHE\u2010Journal YR"},{"issue":"736","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"750","article-title":"Internal Obstacles In Research Activities: Faculty Members' Viewpoints In Shiraz University Of Medical Sciences","volume":"11","author":"Karimian Z.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Med Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"A Survey on Educational Research Barriers in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2014","volume":"9","author":"Vahdati M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Educ Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"474","article-title":"Barriers to Research: The Viewpoint of Faculty Members of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"7","author":"Karimi A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heal Inf Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jamm.66867"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"620","article-title":"Barriers and Facilitators of Patient's Education","volume":"11","author":"Vahedian Azimi A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ijme"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","article-title":"Identify Aspects of Scientific Authority in Babol University of Medical Sciences","volume":"9","author":"Yahyapour Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research in Medical Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"Valid and Reliable Survey Instruments to Measure Burnout Well\u2010Being and Other Work\u2010Related Dimensions \u2010 National Academy of Medicine [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 22] https:\/\/nam.edu\/valid\u2010reliable\u2010survey\u2010instruments\u2010measure\u2010burnout\u2010well\u2010work\u2010related\u2010dimensions\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017209"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","unstructured":"A Framework for K\u201012 Science Education: Practices Crosscutting Concepts and Core Ideas 12012) A Framew K\u20102 Sci Educ Pract Crosscutting Concepts Core Ideas 11\u2013385."},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"A Contributory Study Into the Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Academic Authority Questionnaire Among Faculty Members","volume":"20","author":"Dabirian N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran J Med Educ [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","unstructured":"Free Download Questionnaire (Interview Form) Anticipatory and Scientific Competence in Medical Education \u2010 Free Download Questionnaire Scale Test and Standard Exam. [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 2] https:\/\/edu\u2010admin.ir\/1398\/02\/10."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748175613513808"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.20131"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02783199209553407"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","unstructured":"A Practical Introduction to Factor Analysis: Exploratory Factor Analysis [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 4] https:\/\/stats.oarc.ucla.edu\/spss\/seminars\/introduction\u2010to\u2010factor\u2010analysis\/a\u2010practical\u2010introduction\u2010to\u2010factor\u2010analysis\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validity, Reliability, and Optimal Cut\u2010Off Scores of the WHO\u20105, PHQ\u20109, and PHQ\u20102 to Screen Depression Among University Students In Iran","volume":"20","author":"Ghazisaeedi M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06542-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/ajnpp.4.3.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3004_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Evaluation of Reflective Measurement Models BT \u2010 Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS\u2010SEM) Using R: A Workbook","author":"Hair J. F.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428120968614"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.4.1.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","unstructured":"A.Bowling \u201cMeasuring health outcomesHealth Outcomes From the Patients PerspectivePatients Perspective 1 Handbook of Health Research Methods. Investigation Measurement and Analysis \u201d2005 428\u2013444."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","first-page":"278","volume-title":"Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior Prentice\u2010Hall Inc","author":"Ajzen I.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-374"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Evaluation of Factors to Achieve the Scientific Reference From the View Point of the Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","volume":"4","author":"Ohhah Q. H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future of Medical Education Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164492052004017"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Study of the Academic Members Attitude About Main Factors of Not Approaching to Scientific Writing In Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"14","author":"Koorki M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Avicenna J Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","unstructured":"Academic\u2010Industry Collaboration Best Practices \u2010 Innovation Quarter [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 23] https:\/\/www.innovationquarter.com\/articles\/academic\u2010industry\u2010collaboration\u2010best\u2010practices\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.875940"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","unstructured":"Industry and University Collaboration: How Partnership Drives Innovation [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 23] https:\/\/venturewell.org\/industry\u2010and\u2010university\u2010collaboration\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","unstructured":"Why Companies and Universities Should Forge Long\u2010Term Collaborations [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 23] https:\/\/hbr.org\/2018\/01\/why\u2010companies\u2010and\u2010universities\u2010should\u2010forge\u2010long\u2010term\u2010collaborations."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010023\u201004209\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JHL.S221141"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2016.1273781"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248758"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obstacles to academic integrity [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 23] https:\/\/www.bmartin.cc\/pubs\/07\u20103apcei.html.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-39989-3_32"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","first-page":"388","article-title":"Internationalization of the Higher Education Classroom: Strategies to Facilitate Intercultural Learning and Academic Success","volume":"23","author":"Crose B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","unstructured":"Digital Works Rowan Digital Works Theses R Banks DG.Faculty Attitudes of Diversity and Cultural Awareness in Higher Faculty Attitudes of Diversity and Cultural Awareness in Higher Education Education.2018[cited 2023 Apr 23] https:\/\/rdw.rowan.edu\/etd\/2577."}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.70691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:05:08Z","timestamp":1763726708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.70691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.70691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.70691","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70691"}}