{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:54:06Z","timestamp":1780322046206,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adrenal insufficiency (AI), the lack of glucocorticoids (GCs) production or function with or without a lack of mineralocorticoids (MCs) and adrenal androgens, can result in uncommon but life\u2010threatening complications like shock, circulatory failure, syncope, arrhythmias, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and congestive heart failure (CHF). In this article, we aim to comprehensively review the cardiomyopathy (CMP) secondary to AI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review focused on CMP secondary to AI. A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, GoogleScholar, and Embase. The relevant articles were included in this review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All three kinds of AI\u2014primary, secondary, and tertiary\u2014have been associated with CMP. AI can cause takotsubo CMP, lethal arrhythmias, and DCM. There have been reports of CMP in all three kinds of AI: primary, secondary, and tertiary. AI can manifest as newly developed systolic HF and contribute to cardiovascular disease. When adrenal replacement therapy is started in patients with adrenal failure, heart function improves quickly. Early detection could stop this phenomenon from happening again.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Herein, we provided an overview of AI\u2010associated CMP regarding underlying causes, pathophysiology, associated symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of AI\u2010associated CMP. Adrenal replacement therapy can quickly improve heart function. More research is needed to explore the effects of GCs and MCs on the heart and to better understand associated conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T08:22:35Z","timestamp":1748334155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adrenal Insufficiency Associated Cardiomyopathy, From Molecule to Clinic: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Narges","family":"Bazgir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Disorder Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran Iran"},{"name":"USERN Office Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Mohajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran Iran"},{"name":"USERN Office Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6415-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Amin Khazeei","family":"Tabari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"USERN Office Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-3997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USERN Office Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Interventional Cardiology, Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Modarres Educational Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804635"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Huecker M. 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