{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:28:48Z","timestamp":1783546128111,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder, is often triggered by gallstones but can also result from ischemia, motility issues, chemical harm, and microbial infections. This condition can present with fever, nausea, right upper quadrant pain, and tenderness, influenced by various risk factors including age, gender, genetics, obesity, diet, and lifestyle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective case\u2010control study investigates the relationship between liver enzymes and acute cholecystitis in patients diagnosed based on Tokyo criteria in Alahsa, Saudi Arabia, from April 2016 to December 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 504 participants, with 249 cases of acute cholecystitis and 255 controls without cholecystitis, collected from King Fahad Hospital's medical records. Inclusion criteria were patients above 18 years old diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and availability of liver enzyme data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21, employing descriptive analysis, Pearson Chi\u2010Square test, Kruskal\u2010Wallis test, box\u2010plot visualization, Spearman correlation analysis, and ROC curve analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age was similar between cases (39.9\u2009\u00b1\u200915.3 years) and controls (40.1\u2009\u00b1\u200913.9 years). Significant differences were found in gender distribution and BMI. ALT and ALP levels were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, respectively). The WBC count was also significantly higher in cases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that ALT and ALP had good discriminant ability to predict acute cholecystitis. Multiple hierarchical logistic regression showed that higher levels of ALT and ALP were significant predictors for acute cholecystitis, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.21 and 1.24, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated ALT and ALP levels are significant predictors of acute cholecystitis, demonstrating the importance of liver enzymes in the diagnosis and management of this condition. The findings suggest that integrating liver enzyme measurements with Tokyo criteria can enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve healthcare outcomes for patients with acute cholecystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T11:27:16Z","timestamp":1744802836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Association of Liver Enzymes With Acute Cholecystitis Diagnosed Using the Tokyo Criteria in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Case\u2010Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2716-5484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Y.","family":"Alessa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery King Faisal University Alahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0327-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawad S.","family":"Alnajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine King Faisal University Alahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Almarzooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine King Faisal University Alahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"AlSharit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Khobar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Talal","family":"AlFares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alhasa Health Cluster Alahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2046-9303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Alamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine West Kordufan University Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhair Yousef","family":"Aljomeah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alhasa Health Cluster Alahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loai S.","family":"Albinsaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery King Faisal University Alahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0631-9463"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Gallstone Disease: Diagnosis and Management of Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis","author":"Internal Clinical Guidelines Team (UK)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-006-1152-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Acute Abdominal Pain in Patients Over 50 Years of Age","volume":"144","author":"Telfer S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 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A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMHJ\u2010Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0501-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36106\/ijsr\/2005775"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14701\/ahbps.2019.23.3.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.367"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.70707","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T02:25:58Z","timestamp":1746411958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.70707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.70707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.70707","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70707"}}