{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:18:51Z","timestamp":1792012731420,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular allergy (OA) constitutes a significant global public health concern, affecting an estimated 15% to 20% of the world's population, with approximately 40% of cases occurring in children. In Trinidad and Tobago (T&amp;T), the risk of OA is notably heightened due to its geographical location and the recurrent exposure to Sahara dust. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of ocular allergy among secondary school students in T&amp;T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A descriptive cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in a school\u2010based setting from October 2022 to May 2023. Schools were selected for inclusion using a randomization process facilitated by an online spinner wheel tool. Data were collected using a modified version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The questionnaire captured information on demographic characteristics, the presence of ocular allergy symptoms, associated risk factors, and the impact of ocular allergy. The data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The relationship between variables was assessed using Pearson Chi\u2010square test, with a\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value of &lt;\u20090.05 considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 420 students, aged 11\u201318 years, participated in the study, comprising 198 males (47.1%) and 222 females (52.9%). The overall prevalence of OA was 49.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009207), and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) being the most common subtype, accounting for 90.3% of OA cases. The prevalence of OA was highest among 14\u2010year\u2010old age group (23.4%) and more frequent among females (58.8%). Factors significantly associated with OA included difficulty breathing or wheezing, asthma, food, rhinitis, atopic eczema, and exposure to mites (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of ocular allergy (OA) among secondary school students in T&amp;T was relatively higher compared to findings from various studies conducted globally. This underscores the need for implementing effective strategies for early diagnosis and management to mitigate its impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:14:05Z","timestamp":1746404045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of Ocular Allergy Among High School Children in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-0213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngozika E.","family":"Ezinne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine Campus  Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narissa","family":"Gartiesingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine Campus  Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Poonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine Campus  Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khathutshelo P.","family":"Mashige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Optometry University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834a9676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000963"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-39-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2007.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/2526-5393.20220002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10039-012-0034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.10520\/EJC-10958edb8d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1841804"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20210003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.129664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7190987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25591-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Trinidad and Tobago|People Culture Language Map Population & Flag|Britannica (n.d.) 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