{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:03:05Z","timestamp":1791838985881,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has emerged as a growing public health concern, with increasing evidence linking it to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. While smartphones offer numerous benefits, excessive use can contribute to cognitive overload, emotional distress, and behavioral addiction. This review aims to explore the burden of PSU, its psychological and neurobiological mediating factors, and potential prevention and intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative literature review was conducted using relevant studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on their relevance to PSU and its associations with mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Both theoretical and empirical studies were included to provide a broad perspective on the topic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings indicate that PSU is associated with increased stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disruptions. The mechanisms underlying these associations include dopaminergic dysregulation, social comparison, Fear of Missing Out, cognitive overload, and poor sleep hygiene. Various interventions, such as cognitive\u2010behavioral therapy, digital detox programs, and smartphone usage tracking applications, have been proposed to mitigate the negative impact of PSU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PSU is a significant risk factor for mental health disturbances, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Addressing PSU requires a multi\u2010faceted approach involving behavioral interventions, public awareness initiatives, and policy regulations. Further research is needed to assess the long\u2010term effectiveness of existing interventions and to develop tailored strategies for reducing smartphone overuse and its psychological consequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T02:24:48Z","timestamp":1747967088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Psychopathology of Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU): A Narrative Review of Burden, Mediating Factors, and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3391-7378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egide","family":"Ndayambaje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Kigali Rwanda"},{"name":"Research Department OLGnova Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6801-6207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Promise Udohchukwu","family":"Okereke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria"},{"name":"University College Hospital, University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"},{"name":"Youth Health Action Network (YOHAN Research Institute) Enugu City Enugu State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"A.Harris \u201cMobile Phones: Impacts Challenges and Predictions \u2010 Harris \u2010 2019 \u2010 Human Behaviour and Emerging Technologies \u2010 Wiley Online Library \u201d Accessed September 22 2024.https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/hbe2.112."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"\u201cMobile Fact Sheet \u201d Pew Research Center Accessed September 22 2024.https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/fact-sheet\/mobile\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"A.De Masi \u201cThe Importance of Smartphone Connectivity in Quality of Life SpringerLink.\u201d Accessed September 22 2024.https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-94212-0_23."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"L. 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