{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T05:15:40Z","timestamp":1764479740355,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The resurgence of mpox presents a significant global public health challenge, especially in non\u2010endemic regions. Following its initial global spread in 2022, the current outbreak is driven by a newly emerged Clade I, exhibiting atypical clinical manifestations and altered transmission patterns. These changes, coupled with limited immunity in younger populations due to the absence of smallpox vaccination, underscore the severity. As of June 2024, nearly 100,000 cases have been documented worldwide, with Africa experiencing the majority of new cases, highlighting critical gaps in global health preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article provides an updated analysis of recent mpox cases, exploring the distinct epidemiological and clinical challenges of the current outbreak. It examines transmission patterns, affected demographics, and obstacles like underreporting to understand the evolving crisis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current outbreak is primarily centered in the Democratic Republic of Congo but poses global transmission risks. The dominance of the more severe Clade I and a significant shift towards human\u2010to\u2010human transmission, predominantly through sexual contact (83.3% of cases in males aged 29\u201341), characterize its epidemiology. Inadequate surveillance and underreporting, particularly in low\u2010resource settings, obscure the true extent of the outbreak. The analysis reveals the urgent need for a coordinated, multisectoral global response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mpox outbreak underscores critical deficiencies in global health preparedness. An effective response requires an evidence\u2010based, coordinated approach, integrating technical, social, and financial resources internationally and locally. Key recommendations include strengthening surveillance, improving diagnostics, enhancing equitable vaccine accessibility, and implementing robust anti\u2010stigma initiatives at all levels. An inclusive, multisectoral collaboration between governments, international organizations, and community leaders is crucial to mitigate the public health, social, and economic impacts of this persistent outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T03:50:57Z","timestamp":1751860257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mpox Outbreak: A Call for Urgent Action and Improved Response Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majani","family":"Edward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences Ifakara Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Gwanafyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences Ifakara Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Kimambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences Ifakara Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Basaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences Ifakara Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 2022 The Historical Epidemiology of Human Monkeypox: A Review of Evidence From the 1970 Emergence to the 2022 Outbreak"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control \u201cRisk Assessment for the EU\/EEA of the Mpox Epidemic Caused by Monkeypox Virus Clade I in Affected African countries: Rapid Risk Assessment \u201d (LU: Publications Office 2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2900\/087147."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"M.Field \u201cA New Mpox Variant Is Taking Off in Africa. The WHO Plan for Stopping it isn't Realistic \u201dBulletin of the Atomic Scientists August 26 2024 https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/2024\/08\/a-new-mpox-variant-is-taking-off-in-africa-the-who-plan-for-stopping-it-isnt-realistic\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00187-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"\u201cMpox: Public Education \u201d (Exon Publications 2024) https:\/\/typeset.io\/papers\/mpox-public-education-1zjajzjcdm."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"\u201cWHO Director\u2010General Declares Mpox Outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern \u201d accessed August 21 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/srilanka\/news\/detail\/19-08-2024-who-director-general-declares-mpox-outbreak-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"\u201cEpidemiology Clinical Characteristics and Transmission Patterns of a Novel Mpox (Monkeypox) Outbreak in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): An Observational Cross\u2010sectional Cohort Study \u201d medRxiv published March 5 2024 https:\/\/typeset.io\/papers\/epidemiology-clinical-characteristics-and-transmission-39em7byzkw."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"\u201cMpox\u2014African Region \u201d accessed August 26 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2024-DON528."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"\u201cMpox: What You Need to Know About the Latest Public Health Emergency \u201d UN News accessed August 26 2024 https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2024\/08\/1153361."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"\u201cCanada PHA of. Mpox: Public Health Management of Human Cases and Associated Human Contacts in Canada \u201d published 2022 https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/mpox\/health-professionals\/management-cases-contacts.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-024-01078-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sustained Human Outbreak of a New MPXV Clade I Lineage in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo","author":"Vakaniaki E. H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Medicine (New York, NY, United States)"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.70940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T05:10:42Z","timestamp":1764479442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.70940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.70940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.70940","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2398-8835"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2398-8835"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70940"}}