{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:57:54Z","timestamp":1787587074653,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Backgrounds and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An association between Glyphosate (GLY) exposure and a higher frequency of miscarriage and preterm birth has been shown. To evaluate the effects of alpha\u2010lipoic acid (ALA) on folliculogenesis gene expression and oxidative stress in human GLY\u2010treated granulosa cells (GCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GCs were obtained from 46 healthy women who had tubal or male infertility factors. The GCs were cultured and treated with GLY (250\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), ALA (50\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), or 250 GLY\u2009+\u200950 ALA for 24\u2009h. The effect of ALA on apoptosis was evaluated using DAPI staining and flow cytometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We assessed the expression of several genes in treated GCs using real\u2010time PCR. We looked at the Forkhead box protein O1 (\n                      <jats:italic>FOXO1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), NADPH oxidase 4 (\n                      <jats:italic>NOX4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), Vanin\u20101 (\n                      <jats:italic>VNN1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (\n                      <jats:italic>StAR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) genes. Additionally, we examined antioxidant genes, including glutathione peroxidase (\n                      <jats:italic>GPX<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), catalase (\n                      <jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and superoxide dismutase (\n                      <jats:italic>SOD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DNA fragmentation was less pronounced in the ALA\u2010treated and GLY\u2009+\u2009ALA groups compared to the GLY\u2010treated group. ALA treatment reduced the apoptotic ratio in GLY treatment and the combination of GLY\u2009+\u2009ALA (5.5% and 19.6% vs. 35.8%), respectively. GLY reduced the fold expression of\n                      <jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>GPX<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>SOD<\/jats:italic>\n                      by 0.27, 0.24, and 0.44, respectively. In the ALA treatment group, the fold expression of\n                      <jats:italic>SOD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>GPX<\/jats:italic>\n                      exceeded that in the untreated group (1.2, 1.02, and 1.7, respectively). GLY decreased the expression of the\n                      <jats:italic>VNN1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>StAR<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes while increasing the expression of the\n                      <jats:italic>FOXO1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>NOX4<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes compared to the control group. Furthermore, ALA decreased\n                      <jats:italic>FOXO1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>NOX4<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression in GCs and increased\n                      <jats:italic>VNN1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>StAR<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to GLY induced apoptosis, and ALA increased the expression of antioxidant genes in GCs. Additionally, ALA can be recommended to reduce the damage caused by oxidants to the female reproductive system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T06:01:44Z","timestamp":1750831304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Alpha\u2010Lipoic Acid on Glyphosate\u2010Treated Human Granulosa Cells: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7959-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakineh Kaboli","family":"Kafshgiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royesh Infertility Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand 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Faculty of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Miri\u2010Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03105-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_140_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00055"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12595-021-00412-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Environmental Toxins and Infertility","volume":"17","author":"Pizzorno 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