{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:04:02Z","timestamp":1791993842074,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The recent resurgence of Ebola virus disease (EVD), specifically the Sudan virus strain, in Uganda highlights the ongoing threat of emerging infectious diseases. This article aims to analyze the multifaceted factors contributing to this resurgence, evaluate the public health impact, and assess the effectiveness of response strategies to derive critical lessons for future pandemic preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This perspective piece synthesizes existing literature and reports on the recent Sudan virus outbreak in Uganda. It examines viral dynamics, gaps in surveillance and diagnostics, socio\u2010cultural influences on transmission, and challenges in governmental response. The analysis further evaluates the impact on healthcare systems, healthcare workers, and socioeconomic structures. Response strategies at national, regional, and global levels, including community engagement, are also reviewed to identify key elements of effective control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The resurgence is likely driven by a combination of factors including the lack of a readily available vaccine for the Sudan strain, limitations in early detection and response capacities, socio\u2010cultural practices influencing transmission, and coordination challenges. The outbreak has strained healthcare resources, posed risks to healthcare workers, and caused socioeconomic disruptions. Effective response strategies have involved early detection, contact tracing, and community engagement, with regional and international collaboration playing a crucial role. Lessons learned emphasize the need for sustained investment in health systems, research and development, and robust community engagement for effective preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The recent Sudan virus outbreak in Uganda underscores the critical need for continuous strengthening of pandemic preparedness and response mechanisms. Future directions should focus on sustainable capacity building, enhanced surveillance and diagnostic capabilities, investment in research for strain\u2010specific interventions, and collaborative frameworks at all levels to mitigate the impact of future emerging infectious disease threats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:39:06Z","timestamp":1750984746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Resurgence of Ebola in Uganda: Response Strategies, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majani","family":"Edward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences Ifakara\u2010 Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylivester","family":"Muhigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National institute for medical research\u2010Muhimbili Centre  Dar es salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Mundua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arua Regional Refferal Hospital Arua Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ally","family":"Ally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dodoma Dodoma Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"Uganda: Sudan Ebola Virus Disease outbreak \u2010 DREF Operation (MDRUG055) \u2014 Uganda | ReliefWeb.2025[cited February 15 2025].https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/uganda\/uganda-sudan-ebola-virus-disease-outbreak-dref-operation-mdrug055."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"Health Alert Network (HAN) \u2014 00521 | Ebola Outbreak Caused by Sudan Virus in Uganda."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"One Dead Eight Sickened in Uganda's New Ebola Outbreak. Al Jazeera. [cited February 15 2025].https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/2\/11\/0ne-dead-eight-sickened-in-ugandas-new-ebola-outbreak."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"Ebola Outbreak 2022 \u2014 Uganda. [cited February 15 2025].https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/situations\/ebola-uganda-2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v14i3.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","unstructured":"Ebola Response Plan UN Uganda September 2022 to March 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","unstructured":"WHO Scales Up Response to Uganda's Ebola Outbreak | WHO | Regional Office for Africa.2025[cited February 15 2025].https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/countries\/uganda\/news\/who-scales-response-ugandas-ebola-outbreak."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00260-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05922-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Ebola Disease caused by Sudan virus \u2013 Uganda. News Room. 2022 [cited February 12 2025]. p. 1.https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2022-DON410."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uganda's Experience in Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak Preparedness, 2018\u20132019","volume":"16","author":"Aceng J. R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","unstructured":"Uganda Locks Down Two Districts in Bid to Check Spread of Ebola | News | Al Jazeera. [cited February 12 2025].https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/10\/16\/uganda-introduces-lockdown-in-two-districts-over-ebola-outbreak."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","unstructured":"Socio\u2010Economic Impact of the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak on Household Welfare | UNICEF Uganda. [cited February 12 2025].https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/uganda\/reports\/socio-economic-impact-ebola-virus-disease-outbreak-household-welfare."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2024.2313358"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"International Health Regulations. [cited February 12 2025].https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/international-health-regulations#tab=tab_1."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","unstructured":"C. D. C.AfricaOutbreak Brief 10: Sudan Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Uganda.2022.2022;(October):10\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v15i1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"Health Alert Network (HAN) \u2212 00521 | Ebola Outbreak Caused by Sudan Virus in Uganda. [cited February 12 2025].https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/han\/2025\/han00521.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","unstructured":"Uganda: MSF Helps Boost Country's Ebola Outbreak Response Capacity as Need for Vigilance Remains | Doctors Without Borders \u2010 USA. [cited February 12 2025].https:\/\/www.doctorswithoutborders.org\/latest\/uganda-msf-helps-boost-countrys-ebola-outbreak-response-capacity-need-vigilance-remains."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","unstructured":"Risk CommuniCation and Community EngagEmEnt foR Ebola ViRus disEasE PREPaREdnEss Lessons Learnt and Recommendations from Burundi Rwanda South Sudan Tanzania and Uganda Risk Communication and Community Engagement for Ebola Virus Disease Preparedness and Response Report of a UNICEF Review Meeting."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","unstructured":"S. R.OutbreakFinal Outbreak Brief # 16: Sudan Virus Disease in Uganda. 2023;(October 2022)."}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.70967","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T05:11:39Z","timestamp":1764479499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.70967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.70967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.70967","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70967"}}