{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:07:47Z","timestamp":1784549267060,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the determinants of humoral immunity following COVID\u201019 infection is essential for guiding vaccination and public health strategies. This study aimed to investigate the association between cycle threshold (Ct) values and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific antibody reactivity 1 month after recovery in a Middle Eastern cohort, and to identify other contributing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case\u2010control study was conducted among COVID\u201019 patients registered in the Qatar Biobank between March and September 2020. Cases were defined as individuals with detectable anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies 1\u2010month post\u2010recovery, while controls lacked antibody reactivity. Demographics, comorbidities, Ct values, and disease severity were collected at baseline. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with antibody reactivity, with results adjusted for key covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 225 participants, 177 (78.7%) exhibited reactive anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG antibodies 1\u2010month post\u2010recovery. Among participants with reactive antibodies, 74.0% were from severe and critical cases. Lower Ct values (&lt;\u200920), indicating higher viral load, were associated with increased odds of antibody reactivity (OR 2.03, 95% CI 0.97\u20134.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.059). Male gender was significantly associated with antibody reactivity (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.53\u20136.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), while disease severity and BCG vaccination status showed no significant association.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ct values and male gender may serve as significant predictors of antibody\u2010mediated immunity to COVID\u201019 infection. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings, identify vulnerable individuals who may benefit from booster vaccination, and explore their relevance to other respiratory pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T04:30:27Z","timestamp":1756355427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of Antibody Reactivity in COVID\u201019: A Case\u2010Control Study in a Middle Eastern Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ashraf I.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8528-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elhassan","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zain","family":"Kaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib H.","family":"Farooqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawanda","family":"Chivese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Mathematics, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences University of Washington Tacoma Tacoma Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2022.2029301"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"WHO WHO COVID\u201019 Dashboard(WHO 2023) 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