{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:44:04Z","timestamp":1786977844872,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource\u2010limited settings. The virus disrupts maternal\u2010fetal immunity through immune dysregulation, placental barrier impairment, and altered antibody transfer, thereby increasing the risk of vertical transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the immunological and clinical factors influencing MTCT. It highlights how maternal immune exhaustion, placental inflammation, and suboptimal ART timing contribute to transmission. While widespread use of ART has reduced MTCT rates, persistent challenges include late ART initiation, HIV drug resistance, co\u2010infections, and transmission through breastfeeding. Emerging strategies\u2014such as maternal immune modulation, monoclonal antibody therapies, and tailored ART regimens\u2014show potential for further risk reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To effectively minimize MTCT, comprehensive prevention approaches are essential. These should combine medical interventions with maternal nutrition support, co\u2010infection management, and safe breastfeeding practices under ART coverage. A multifaceted strategy is key to protecting both maternal and infant health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T09:18:13Z","timestamp":1752571093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HIV and Maternal\u2010Fetal Immunity: Challenges and Strategies for Reducing Vertical Transmission\u2010A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4538-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Ifeanyi","family":"Obeagu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Laboratory Science Africa University Mutare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_21_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4393-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-017-0072-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25271"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039565"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_21_6_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Optimizing Immune Health in HIV Patients Through Nutrition: A Review","volume":"2","author":"Obeagu E. 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