{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:08:30Z","timestamp":1784549310565,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a double\u2010stranded DNA virus of the\n                      <jats:italic>Orthopoxvirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genus with two major clades (Clades I and II), with Clade IIb responsible for most global cases reported during 2022\u20132024. By July 2024, more than 100,000 Mpox cases and 200 deaths were reported worldwide. Nepal has recently confirmed three imported Mpox cases, raising concerns about the potential for local transmission amid increased labor migration and peacekeeping troops abroad. This study aims to trace out the emerging threat and risk of Mpox transmission in Nepal and preparedness and prevention strategies based on global experiences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed global and national epidemiological reports and Mpox case data from the government authority of Nepal to identify Mpox clades with Clade II at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Nepal, three cases have been confirmed, all linked with recent travel history to the Middle East country (Saudi Arabia). Mpox reported in Nepal belonged to Clade IIa by sequencing. Additionally, the risk of Mpox transmission among Nepalese individuals in the UN peacekeeping forces stationed in Africa, including a few endemic countries, may be elevated due to shared living conditions, as human\u2010to\u2010human transmission can occur through direct contact, fomites, or respiratory secretions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nepal should strengthen molecular laboratories, enforce national guidelines, enhance border health monitoring, raise public awareness, and ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. Coordinated strategies and preparedness are crucial to prevent potential outbreaks and enhance national readiness against future Mpox threats in Nepal. It is recommended that the Government of Nepal adopt and implement a One Health approach for the early detection, control, and prevention of Mpox to minimize transmission risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T07:54:23Z","timestamp":1757663663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potential Risk of Local Transmission of Mpox in Nepal: An Emerging Public Health Concern"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0820-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogendra","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Health Research Centre Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Zoology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3824-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bipin Kumar","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Health Research Centre Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0258-5148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandira","family":"Lamichhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Health Research Centre Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3173-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram Singh","family":"Dhami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National One Health Alliance for Nepal Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0619-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kishor","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Zoology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyam Prakash","family":"Dumre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8391-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kouichi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-7586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basu","family":"Dev Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7176-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghnath","family":"Dhimal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Health Research Council Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"\u201cMpox \u201d World Health Organization 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/mpox."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.37.1.1-18.1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2023.102663"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28560"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00273-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"\u201cMpox Sequencing Data \u201d National Public Health Laboratory 2025 https:\/\/nphl.gov.np\/page?id=135."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"\u201cEpidemiological Update\u2010Week 36\/2024: Mpox due to Monkeypox Clade I \u201d European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2024 https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/news-events\/mpox-epidemiological-update-week-36-2024-clade-i."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"\u201cMulti\u2010Country Outbreak of Mpox: External Situation Report 35 \u201d World Health Organization 2024 C:\/Users\/Dell\/Downloads\/20240812_mpox_external\u2010sitrep_\u201035.a."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_719_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Population\u2010Nepal (MOHP) \u201cPress Release About M\u2010Pox \u201d Publication ID: 20810905 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"\u201cNepal Confirms Second Case of Monkeypox \u201dKathmandu Post December 21 2024 https:\/\/kathmandupost.com\/health\/2024\/12\/21\/nepal-confirms-second-case-of-monkeypox."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"\u201cNepal Confirms Third Mpox Case: Experts Warn of Possible Spread \u201dKathmandu Post December 31 2024 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