{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:07:48Z","timestamp":1784549268944,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n Chronic liver disease (CLD) significantly impairs health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL) due to its multifaceted impact on physical, psychological, and social well\u2010being. Despite its prevalence in Pakistan, there is limited data on the specific HRQoL challenges faced by patients with CLD. This study aims to assess HRQoL in CLD patients using the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) and identify factors influencing their quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over 6 months, including 331 adult patients diagnosed with CLD. The Urdu version of the CLDQ assessed six HRQoL domains. Data on demographic and clinical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), and Spearman's correlation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean HRQoL score was 65.87\u2009\u00b1\u200923.55, indicating moderate impairment. Female patients reported significantly lower scores than males (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001). Fatigue, emotional well\u2010being, and systemic symptoms were the most affected domains, with 48.3% experiencing fatigue frequently. Patients with longer disease duration had higher HRQoL scores (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001), while MELD (Model for End\u2010Stage Liver Disease) scores correlated with disease severity and HRQoL impairment. Psychological symptoms, including depression and anxiety, were prevalent, further diminishing HRQoL. Dietary limitations were the most predictive of disease burden (AUC\u2009=\u20090.872).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n CLD severely affects patients' HRQoL, with notable gender disparities and psychological burdens. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary interventions addressing physical and emotional needs are essential to improve outcomes and quality of life in this population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T04:33:37Z","timestamp":1757478817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Health\u2010Related Quality of Life in Patients Suffering From Chronic Liver Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Bilal","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore General Hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5248-0749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Husnain","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tentishev Satkynbai Memorial Asian Medical Institute Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Gohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore General Hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shandana","family":"Tarique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore General Hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6856-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameen","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Edward Medical University Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6892-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore General Hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3536-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore General Hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8599-6861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masab","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Punjab Medical College Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Summaya","family":"Zaitoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore General Hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marium Nadeem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shifa College of Medicine Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ch Hummd","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0159-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4403-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"National Hepatitis Registry in Pakistan: A Dire Need for Hepatitis Surveillance and Control","volume":"51","author":"Malik G. F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"Chronic Liver Disease\u2010Related Mortality Pattern in Northern Pakistan","volume":"13","author":"Khokhar N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons\u2014Pakistan: JCPSP"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60383-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Health\u2010Related Quality of Life in Cirrhosis: Recent Advances and Future Directions","volume":"41","author":"Montano\u2010Loza A. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","article-title":"Impact of Cirrhosis and Its Complications on Health\u2010Related Quality of Life: A Population\u2010Based Study","volume":"9","author":"Kim D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.39.1.6602"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-8-199304150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.2.295"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"376","article-title":"The Burden of Chronic Liver Disease on Quality of Life in Asian Populations: A Cross\u2010National Analysis","volume":"38","author":"Li C. Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71225","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.71225","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:41:42Z","timestamp":1784547702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.71225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.71225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.71225","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71225"}}