{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:07:51Z","timestamp":1784549271778,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Air pollution refers to the presence of one or more pollutants or compounds in outdoor or indoor air in concentrations and durations that can harm human health, plants, animals, or possessions, or lead to undue disruption of a person's ability to enjoy their life or belongings comfortably. This study examines the economic burden of diseases caused by air pollution in Iran, highlighting the financial impacts on the healthcare system and the broader economy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive cross\u2010sectional study, conducted in Iran in 2022, employed an incidence\u2010based approach to estimate the economic burden of air pollution\u2010related diseases from a societal perspective. The analysis involved calculating direct costs using the top\u2010down method and indirect costs through the human capital approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average direct medical costs of diseases caused by air pollution per patient were $4485.55. The average direct non\u2010medical cost per patient was estimated at $758.11. Notably, the cost of accompaniment accounted for the highest proportion among direct non\u2010medical costs, with an average cost of $292.21 per patient. The average indirect cost per patient was estimated at $1713.03.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fight against air pollution\u2010related diseases is not just a public health issue but also an economic necessity. By tackling this challenge proactively, societies can pave the way for cleaner, healthier, and more prosperous futures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T04:30:56Z","timestamp":1757478656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Economic Burden of Diseases Caused by Air Pollution in Iran: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9486-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikta","family":"Shobeiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6438-4176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Adel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Sciences and Health Economics, School of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1293-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Rashki Kemmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Center Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-336X-12-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Economic Evaluation of Palliative Care for Patients With Cancer Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"36","author":"Arabshahi S. 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