{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T21:09:01Z","timestamp":1785618541082,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate a possible association between COVID\u201019 vaccines and gastrointestinal manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study employing convenience sampling was used to collect data using an online survey developed by the research team in Amman, Jordan. The study was web\u2010based and designed with Google Forms and was carried out between October 1, 2022, and February 1, 2023. Nine hundred eighty\u2010seven responses were included, aged 18 and above and had taken the COVID\u201019 vaccine with their complete agreement to participate in the study, using the Chi\u2010square test and binary logistic regression models with (95%) confidence interval performed using SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were 987 individuals; nearly half were between 18 and 25 years old, 65% were female, and 75% had bachelor's degrees. Seventy percent received two doses, with 37.5% reporting side effects. Females reported significantly more side effects than males (41.3% vs. 30.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001); those with previous COVID\u201019 infection reported higher side effects (41.6% vs. 34.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028); and hospitalized individuals due to side effects had higher side effect rates (72.4% vs. 36.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The second dose correlated with fewer side effects, with specific symptoms (indigestion, anorexia, flatulence, and abdominal pain) exhibiting significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found a positive association between COVID\u201019 vaccines and gastrointestinal side effects, including significant heartburn, anorexia, and bloating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T04:45:52Z","timestamp":1757911552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association Between COVID\u201019 Vaccination and Gastrointestinal Manifestations: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5936-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mu'taz","family":"Massad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohanad","family":"Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahed","family":"Al\u2010Ghsoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"El\u2010Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haya","family":"Hindiyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Hindiyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jumana","family":"Sanwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2953-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hashem Abu","family":"Serhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-4119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulqadir J.","family":"Nashwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing &amp; Midwifery Research Department (NMRD) Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cGlobal Coronavirus Statistics\u201d (United Nations 2021) accessed 2021 https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/region\/amro\/country\/us."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01831-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.721146"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.2002083"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u201cCoronavirus Disease (COVID\u201019): Vaccines\u201d accessed August 28 2022 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines.","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13916"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"H.Ritchie E.Mathieu L.Rod\u00e9s\u2010Guirao et al. \u201cCoronavirus Pandemic (COVID\u201019) \u201d Our World in Data https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-vaccinations."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","unstructured":"Oracle \u201cPopulation.\u201d January 2023 https:\/\/dosweb.dos.gov.jo\/population\/population-2\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","unstructured":"Qualtrics \u201cSample Size Calculator \u201d March 21 2023 https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/blog\/calculating-sample-size\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2023.102244"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.Kowarz L.Krutzke J.Reis et al. \u201cVaccine\u2010Induced Covid\u201019 Mimicry Syndrome: Splice Reactions Within the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike Open Reading Frame Result in Spike Protein Variants That May Cause Thromboembolic Events in Patients Immunized With Vector\u2010Based Vaccines \u201d May 26 2021 PREPRINT (Version 1) Research Square https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-558954\/v1.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-558954\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab042"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08363-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/aaem.v11i1.1850"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46823-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP204028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09567976231163875"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.24070"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxac014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06097-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.41.76.34445"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.001"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71231","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.71231","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71231","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:41:19Z","timestamp":1784547679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.71231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.71231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.71231","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71231"}}