{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:44:55Z","timestamp":1784907895855,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tungiasis, caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with substantial health and socioeconomic burdens in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs). This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of tungiasis and identify associated risk factors in Ethiopia's Oromia and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We systematically searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and African Journal Online (AJOL) for studies published between October 2015 and September 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. A random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis model was employed to account for heterogeneity, quantified using\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 statistics. Publication bias was evaluated via funnel plots, and Egger's regression test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across eight studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098502 individuals), the pooled prevalence of tungiasis was 39.0% (95% CI: 28.5\u201349.6). Subgroup analyses revealed regional disparities, with SNNPR exhibiting a higher prevalence (43.1%; 95% CI: 27.1\u201358.1) than Oromia (35.0%; 95% CI: 18.8\u201351.3). Temporal trends indicated a significant increase in prevalence post\u20102017 compared to earlier years. Low education levels (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.7, 95% CI: 0.6\u20134.9), lack of footwear use (AOR: 8.8, 95% CI: 0.1\u201317.4) and mud\/earthen flooring (AOR: 4.9, 95% CI: 2.6\u20137.2) were significantly associated with tungiasis among selected regions of Ethiopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis demonstrates a significant burden of tungiasis in Ethiopia's Oromia and SNNPR regions. Therefore, we recommend implementing integrated interventions that combine: (1) provision of community\u2010based health education programs to improve prevention awareness, (2) distribution of protective footwear to high\u2010risk populations, (3) housing improvements focusing on floor hardening, (4) expanded access to safe treatment modalities, and (5) targeted animal reservoir control measures. Such coordinated efforts, embedded within existing NTD control platforms, could substantially reduce tungiasis transmission while addressing the socioeconomic determinants that perpetuate high infection rates in these endemic regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T08:52:28Z","timestamp":1757667148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tungiasis Among Selected Regions of Ethiopia: A Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6155-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abayeneh","family":"Girma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Mekdela Amba University Tulu Awuliya Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indiris","family":"Abdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Mekdela Amba University Tulu Awuliya Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2020.1813489"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07121-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011800"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8040206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00904.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652009000500001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2016.24.77.8916"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","article-title":"Current Status of the Knowledge on the Epidemiology of Tungiasis In the Americas","volume":"46","author":"Saboy\u00e1\u2010D\u00edaz M. 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