{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T04:07:41Z","timestamp":1765512461795,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Physical activity and nutrition play important roles in obesity and\n                      <jats:italic>overweight<\/jats:italic>\n                      treatment. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of HIIT exercise training and\n                      <jats:italic>Chlorella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CV) supplementation on muscle damage indicators.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty adults (22.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1 years, BMI 27.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were randomly divided into four equal groups: placebo without exercise (PLA\u2010SED,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910), CV supplemented without exercise (CV\u2010SED,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910), placebo with exercise training (PLA\u2010HIIT,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910) and CV supplemented with exercise training (CV\u2010HIIT,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910). Blood sampling was done in two stages: the first day (before the supplement and before the sports test) and 24 h after the last training session. They received the CV supplementation (300\u2009mg) four times a day for 12 weeks, and the placebo group took the same dextrose tablets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the end of the study, the level of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the high\u2010intensity interval group showed a significant increase compared to the CV\u2010SED and CV\u2010HIIT groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Also, the serum levels of CK and LDH showed a significant increase in the post\u2010protocol state compared to the pre\u2010exercise group in the HIIT group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CV together with high\u2010intensity interval training can have a modulating effect on the release of muscle\u2010damaging factors such as CK and LDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T04:38:51Z","timestamp":1759207131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduction of Muscle Damage Indices by Consuming\n                    <i>Chlorella vulgaris<\/i>\n                    Along With High\u2010Intensity Interval Training in Men With Overweight: A Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rahmanian","family":"Milad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3069-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saber","family":"Saedmocheshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5492-4530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Potrick","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympic Studies Research Group (GPEO), School of Health and Life Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences (PPGNUT) Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayoub","family":"Saiedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lotfollah","family":"Saed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine Kurdistan University of Medical Science Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"T.Lobstein H.Brinsden M.Neveux et al. 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