{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T04:07:37Z","timestamp":1765512457165,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gut microbiota is a diverse ecosystem with the potential to significantly enhance athletic metabolic capacity. Emerging research indicates that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating energy metabolism, immune function, oxidative stress, skeletal muscle dynamics, and neuroendocrine regulation, all of which are essential for optimizing athletic performance. This study investigates the composition of a selection of gut microbiota among Iranian professional and semi\u2010professional runners from three different disciplines including endurance, middle\u2010distance, and speed runners, and examines their association with performance levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fresh stool samples of 60 runners were collected and the relative abundance of a selection of intestinal microbiota at various taxonomic levels was assessed by RT\u2010qPCR. The relative abundance of the selected microbiota revealed distinct patterns across different types of runners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Predominant taxa in professional groups were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., while semi\u2010professional groups had a higher abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                      was mostly abundant among speed runners (40.95%), followed by endurance (27.025%) and middle\u2010distance runners (23.525%).\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was more abundant in middle\u2010distance (34.9%) and endurance runners (34.3%) compared to speed runners (22.3%). A negative correlation was found between performance levels and the abundance of Actinobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, E\u2010proteobacteria,\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., and\n                      <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while a positive correlation was observed with\n                      <jats:italic>Methanobrevibacter smithii<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study illuminates the distinct microbial taxa detected in professional and semi\u2010professional runners, which corroborates the relationship between running disciplines and the gut microbiota composition, as well as their impact on performance levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T08:18:48Z","timestamp":1759479528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Gut Microbiota With Performance Level Among Iranian Professional and Semi\u2010Professional Runners: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hiwa","family":"Nazari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Allameh Tabataba'i University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armitasadat Emami","family":"Meibodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8204-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoo","family":"Bassami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Allameh Tabataba'i University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5011-1380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meysam","family":"Olfatifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2135-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Yadegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58442-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07974-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49093-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01736-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-15435-5.00003-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122456"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egg.2025.100327"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"428","article-title":"The Interplay Between Gut Microbiome and Physical Exercise in Athletes","volume":"27","author":"dos Santos Quaresma M. V.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1343219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13111680"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17040690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01936-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98973-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-020-00353-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2023.2297992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9020014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","article-title":"Anthropometric and Physiological Determinants of Running Performance in Middle\u2010and Long\u2010distance Runners","volume":"45","author":"Mooses M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kinesiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Energy System Contribution in Track Running","volume":"18","author":"Duffield R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"New Stud Athl (IAAF)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385118-5.00006-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-020-1702-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10791-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01696-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82947-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1065365"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0291-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10493-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1758009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17101686"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1551284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297858"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","article-title":"The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Physical Exercise, and Human Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Unhealthy Subjects","volume":"11","author":"Cataldi S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1404991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2021.111495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11010013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.14360"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14020211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111715"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111634"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","unstructured":"L.Petersen E.Bautista H.Nguyen andB.HansonMicrobiome."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.food.102308.124101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704189104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602187103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01565-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18276\/cej.2024.1-03"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092610"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/RCM26740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01785-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Case Series: Management of Exercise\u2010Associated Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Endurance Athletes Using a High\u2010Carbohydrate Low\u2010Fodmap Therapeutic Intervention","volume":"1","author":"Scrivin R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00631-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02991-21"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T04:04:46Z","timestamp":1765512286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.71319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.71319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.71319","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2398-8835"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2398-8835"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71319"}}