{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:25:47Z","timestamp":1776860747765,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009698","name":"Hawassa University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonizing the nasal cavity poses a potential risk for infections. Vancomycin is a primary treatment for invasive infections caused by penicillin and methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA). However, reports of vancomycin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (VRSA) have emerged, highlighting it as a high\u2010priority pathogen requiring attention. There is limited information on the epidemiology of VRSA and vancomycin\u2010intermediate\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (VISA) from the Sidama regional state. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of VRSA and VISA among\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonizing patients admitted to Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH), as well as to identify associated factors and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A hospital\u2010based prospective cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023. Socio\u2010demographic and clinical data were collected using an interviewer\u2010administered questionnaire. Nasal swabs were obtained from 378 admitted patients, and\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was identified using standard bacteriological methods. VRSA was determined using the Epsilometer test (\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test), while the antimicrobial susceptibility profile was assessed using the Kirby\u2013Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, with a\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value of &lt;\u20090.05 considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 92 isolated\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains, 12 (13.04%) were classified as VRSA, 27 (29.3%) as VISA, and 15 (16.3%) as MRSA. The carriage rates among admitted patients were 12 (3.2%) for VRSA (95% CI: 1.7\u22125.5%) and 27 (7.14%) for VISA (95% CI: 4.8\u221210.2%). The overall nasal carriage rate of\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 92 (24.3%) (95% CI: 20.1\u221229%), with MRSA found in 15 (3.97%) (95% CI: 2.2\u22126.5%). Among the VRSA isolates, 11 (91.7%) showed susceptibility to tigecycline. Additionally, 40 (43.5%) of the\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains were positive for inducible clindamycin resistance. Patients with a history of hospitalization in the intensive care unit were 37 times more likely to be colonized with VRSA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), while those with domestic animals were 22 times more likely (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study revealed a significant proportion of VRSA and VISA among\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from hospitalized patients in the region. More than 80% of VRSA isolates were susceptible to tigecycline. A history of hospitalization in the intensive care unit and ownership of domestic animals were associated with an increased likelihood of VRSA colonization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T06:02:27Z","timestamp":1759903347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nasal Colonizing Vancomycin\u2010Resistant and Intermediate\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    Among Admitted Patients: A Hospital Based Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4144-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biniyam Kijineh","family":"Mengistu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science Wachamo University Hosana Ethiopia"},{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory Science College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7579-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsegaye","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory Science College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Techilo Habtemariam","family":"Mengesha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Hawassa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7786-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musa Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory Science College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4833-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S301863"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v17i3.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3353-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01291-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"90","author":"McGuinness W. 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