{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:29:55Z","timestamp":1787246995868,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations, especially in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs). Knowing the prevalence and role of pathogens in pneumonia cases requiring hospitalization is essential for informing diagnosis, treatment, and prevention approaches. This review aimed to establish the burden of\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013associated pneumonia hospitalizations among children under 5 years of age in LMICs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search was conducted across major databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from inception up to April 18, 2024. The studies were screened, and the inclusion criteria were applied to identify eligible studies. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, proportional meta\u2010analysis, and subgroup analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 238 identified records, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 61,030 hospitalizations, with 2337 from Africa and 58,693 from Asia.\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounted for 5% (95% CI: 2%\u20138%;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 98%) of pneumonia\u2010related hospitalizations. Subgroup analyses showed higher prevalence in upper\u2010middle\u2010income countries (7%; 95% CI: 1%\u201314%;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 98.6%) compared to lower\u2010middle\u2010income countries (4%; 95% CI: 0%\u20138%;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 89.5%) and low\u2010income countries (1%; 95% CI: 0%\u20132%;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 30.6%). Regionally, the prevalence was greater in Asia (6%; 95% CI: 1%\u201310%;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 83%) than in Africa (3%; 95% CI: 1%\u20135%;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 83%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed complete sensitivity to meropenem, whereas resistance to gentamicin, ceftriaxone, sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin varied widely, ranging from 6.4% to 100%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This review highlights the notable occurrence of\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in hospitalized pediatric pneumonia cases, particularly in Asia. The findings emphasize the need for further research, standardized criteria for classifying pneumonia severity, and targeted strategies for diagnosing, treating, and preventing\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010associated pneumonia in pediatric populations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T05:18:11Z","timestamp":1763011091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Burden of Hospitalization Due to\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    \u2013Associated Pneumonia in Children Under 5 Years in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5761-1564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Odoom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology University of Ghana Medical School Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bismark","family":"Opoku\u2010Asare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics University of Ghana Medical School Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology University of Ghana Medical School Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-40181-4.00034-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2019.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.10009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-018-0099-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30408-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","article-title":"Clinical Findings and Radiological Evaluation of WHO\u2010Defined Severe Pneumonia Among Hospitalized Children","volume":"15","author":"Karim R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803678-5.00334-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-023-04628-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0645-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107488"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1942-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent Updates Regarding the Management and Treatment of Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review","author":"Ma Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00032.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-022-00096-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ajps.2017.87116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00377-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002648"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04175-y"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","first-page":"907","article-title":"Aetiology and Outcome of Severe Community\u2010Acquired Pneumonia in Children Admitted to a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit","volume":"92","author":"Delport S. 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