{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T12:44:30Z","timestamp":1776170670697,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (g\u2010NENs) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable prognoses. Inflammation\u2010based markers, such as the neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have emerged as potential prognostic indicators in various malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of NLR and PLR in g\u2010NENs and their associations with histopathological features and survival outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on 80 patients with histologically confirmed g\u2010NENs from April 2017 to March 2019. Baseline NLR and PLR were calculated, and their relationships with tumor grade, Ki\u201067 proliferation index, metastatic status, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Cox regression and logistic regression models were used to determine independent prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The hazard of death was approximately one\u2010third in the low NLR group after adjusting for metastasis and tumor grade (HR\u2009=\u20090.33, 95% CI: 0.14\u20130.80,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Elevated PLR was associated with poor outcomes; however, the difference between the high and low PLR groups was not statistically significant. Higher tumor grades and elevated Ki\u201067 indices correlated with worse survival and increased metastatic potential (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant associations were observed for CRP or ESR levels with survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that NLR may serve as an independent and accessible prognostic marker in g\u2010NENs, potentially offering a cost\u2010effective tool to support clinical decision\u2010making. The combined assessment of inflammatory biomarkers and histopathological parameters could improve prognostic accuracy and help guide personalized management strategies in patients with g\u2010NENs. Nevertheless, these observations should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective, single\u2010center design and limited sample size. Future large\u2010scale, prospective studies are warranted to confirm and expand upon these results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:07:44Z","timestamp":1766966864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prognostic Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8433-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda","family":"Mahdavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Department, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8363-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Kaveh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Oncology Department, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3235-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdiye","family":"Ijadi Nasrabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0638-1743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Azizmohammad Looha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01029-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-54"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.24750"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2020-0543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0301-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0110-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09638-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13469"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0507"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000505924"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11408"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S174907"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","unstructured":"F. 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