{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:01:47Z","timestamp":1792789307618,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse, affects approximately 16% of the global population and is a growing concern in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in infertile couples and to investigate the association of HPV infection with infertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study examined the relationship between HPV and infertility in 354 participants (177 females, 177 males) from Hazrat Zainab Hospital's ART clinics in 2024. Participants were aged 20\u201345 years and diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility. Biological samples (semen, cervical swabs, and uterine aspirates) were tested using real\u2010time PCR for HPV detection and genotyping. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected via questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among female participants, 30 (16.9%) tested positive for HPV, with 3 (12.5%) harboring high\u2010risk types. The prevalence in male participants was slightly higher, with 23 (13%) testing positive, including 8 (40%) with high\u2010risk HPV types. Key findings included a slightly lower age at marriage in HPV\u2010positive females (24.73\u2009\u00b1\u20096.10 years vs. 26.23\u2009\u00b1\u20096.41 years in HPV\u2010negative females) and reduced utilization of assisted reproductive techniques (e.g., IVF and IUI) was observed in HPV\u2010positive individuals. Interestingly, smoking was less frequent in HPV\u2010positive males (52.2%) compared to HPV\u2010negative males (65.6%). HPV\u2010positive males exhibited higher rates of self\u2010employment and partner change but no significant differences in semen parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings align with previous studies reporting moderate HPV prevalence rates (15%\u201325%) in infertile populations globally, emphasizing the potential role of HPV in reproductive dysfunction. While HPV's impact on sperm quality and endometrial receptivity may contribute to infertility, further research is needed to clarify causal relationships. Vaccination and targeted screening strategies could mitigate HPV\u2010related risks and improve reproductive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T05:41:21Z","timestamp":1765258881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Infertility: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study Exploring Its Prevalence and Effects in Iranian Couples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2202-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasrin","family":"Aliabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Namazi Hospital Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Namazi Hospital Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sareh","family":"Doustfatemeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Infertility Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid Heydari","family":"Marandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Namazi Hospital Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzie","family":"Joukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infertility Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Faramarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naeimehossadat","family":"Asmarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-6209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niloofar","family":"Namazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine 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