{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:18:00Z","timestamp":1782235080904,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007771","name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCN\u20101\u2010103\/N\/2\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCN\u20101\u2010103\/N\/2\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic was a special situation for patients treated with disease\u2010modifying therapies (DMTs). Infections may provoke disease activity and determine the choice of DMTs. Moreover, DMTs create a potentially increased risk of infections. The study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic and the importance of COVID\u201019 vaccination on the course of multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 8\u2010year single\u2010center retrospective cohort study compared treatment changes and infection incidence in 115 MS patients before and during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, as well as COVID\u201019 incidence and severity before and after COVID\u201019 vaccination. A multivariate approach assessed the effects of specific factors (age, sex, disease duration, prognostic profile, disease activity before the pandemic, DMTs, and infections) on the course of MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Relapse activity was the most common reason for therapy change, with no significant differences (56.52% vs. 61.52%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.998) before and during the pandemic. There were no differences in the rate of infections before and during the pandemic (67.82% vs. 55.65%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.16). The severity of COVID\u201019 courses showed a significant improvement after vaccination (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047). In the multivariable approach, the only significant factor associated with a higher risk of relapse was disease activity before the pandemic period (OR\u2009=\u20096.80,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic did not affect the course of MS in long\u2010term follow\u2010up. The only factor associated with relapse activity during the pandemic period was disease activity in the pre\u2010pandemic period. COVID\u201019 vaccination may be an essential tool in the care of MS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T07:43:38Z","timestamp":1765784618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Did COVID\u201019 Pandemic Change the Course of Multiple Sclerosis? A Retrospective Eight\u2010Year Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Puz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland"},{"name":"Upper\u2010Silesian Medical Centre Silesian Medical University in Katowice Katowice Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Konieczna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper\u2010Silesian Medical Centre Silesian Medical University in Katowice Katowice Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Maciejowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper\u2010Silesian Medical Centre Silesian Medical University in Katowice Katowice 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