{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:25:51Z","timestamp":1783013151360,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as sunlight and temperature. This retrospective study investigated the association between meteorological and geographical factors and active pediatric SLE in Fars province, southwest Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The residential addresses of pediatric patients with active SLE who were hospitalized at the main referral hospital of southwest Iran in Shiraz City between March 2016 and January 2023 were extracted from their medical records and geographically mapped. The influence of meteorological factors, such as temperature, humidity, evaporation, rainfall, as well as geographical parameters including land cover, slope, and altitude, on active pediatric SLE was evaluated using geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 143 pediatric patients with active SLE from 34 out of a total of 8181 city\/village areas. There was a significant positive association between urban setting and active pediatric SLE (OR\u2009=\u200975.949, CI\u2009=\u20099.521\u2013605.846) while mean annual rainfall demonstrated a significant negative association (OR\u2009=\u20090.997, CI\u2009=\u20090.994\u20131.000) in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that urban setting was the only significant factor positively correlated with active pediatric SLE (OR\u2009=\u200956.567, CI\u2009=\u20096.731\u2013745.372). There was no association between other meteorological and environmental factors and active pediatric SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found that living in urban areas and lower annual rainfall are significant risk factors for active pediatric SLE in Fars province, probably due to increased exposure to pollutants and ultraviolet radiation. While previous studies have linked SLE activity to temperature and humidity, no such associations were observed here, highlighting the need for further research on regional environmental influences on SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T04:52:22Z","timestamp":1769489542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Active Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Fars Province, Iran: Associations With Geographical and Meteorological Determinants\u2014A Retrospective Cross\u2011Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Kanannejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter Robert","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koorosh","family":"Nikaein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hesamedin","family":"Nabavizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Namazi Hospital Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soheila","family":"Alyasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Namazi Hospital Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghorbanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6325-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Ghatee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202006020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13448"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1147447"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-007-9170-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Childhood\u2010Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Southwestern Iran: A Clinical and Serological Study","volume":"29","author":"Alyasin S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1971-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17061984"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Seasonal Variation of Lupus Nephritis: High Prevalence of Class V Lupus Nephritis During the Winter and Spring","volume":"32","author":"Schlesinger N.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"1241","article-title":"Mechanistic Insights Into Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"11","author":"Pan Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703699"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19065"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10488-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Visiting Consultant Clinics to Study Prevalence Rates of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis and Childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Across Dispersed Geographic Areas","volume":"34","author":"Kurahara D. K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314544186"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318816820"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20656"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318805844"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314530488"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.24.012902.141012"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"A Geographic Information Assessment of Exposure to a Toxic Waste Site and Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Findings From the Buffalo Lupus Project","volume":"3","author":"Williams E. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Toxicology and Evironmental Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37897"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215089"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0336595"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(97)84013-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000600015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-67"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319882503"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2021.100029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8473-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41217"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002123"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","first-page":"731","article-title":"Epidemiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Northwest Greece 1982\u20132001","volume":"30","author":"Alamanos Y.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcreu.2021.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.986968"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84957-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312458465"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36901-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2001.16.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3285825"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4804(03)00199-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240405"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"[Complement Activation at Low Temperature. I. The Profile of Complement Component of Patients' Sera]","volume":"33","author":"Yukiyama Y.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arerugi = [Allergy]"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8403-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","first-page":"1516","article-title":"AB0628\u2005Impact of Solar Radiation from Sun Exposure and Photoprotection Practices on Disease Activity Among Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients in Malaysia","volume":"82","author":"Shaharir S. S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12276644"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24945"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-023-00306-2"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71755","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.71755","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:06:22Z","timestamp":1783011982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.71755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.71755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.71755","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71755"}}