{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:27:09Z","timestamp":1783013229480,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kidney diseases in children present significant health challenges, often leading to complications and reduced quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy shows promise for pediatric kidney disorders. This review evaluates current evidence on MSC applications in pediatric nephrology, focusing on mechanisms, delivery methods, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed preclinical and clinical studies of MSC therapy for pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), glomerular disorders, and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT), comparing pediatric and adult applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MSCs exert therapeutic effects through immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, anti\u2010fibrotic activity, and paracrine mechanisms. Different sources (bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose) show varying efficacy. Delivery methods significantly impact outcomes: intravenous administration is well\u2010tolerated but limited (2%\u20135% kidney delivery), while local infusion enhances targeting (10%\u201320%). Clinical studies show improved renal function: decreased creatinine in AKI, reduced albumin\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio in CKD, and decreased proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome. Pediatric applications differ from adult ones in disease etiology, physiological considerations, therapeutic goals, and safety requirements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MSC therapy shows promising potential for pediatric kidney disorders, with preliminary evidence supporting safety and efficacy. Challenges remain in optimizing cell sources, standardizing protocols, and establishing long\u2010term safety. Future research should focus on biomarker identification, pediatric\u2010specific models, and protocol standardization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T04:16:47Z","timestamp":1770610607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Pediatric Kidney Disorders: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5948-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahboube","family":"Bahroudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Gene, Cell &amp; Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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