{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:26:58Z","timestamp":1783013218934,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to explore the correlation of psychological domains and behavioural engagement with ChatGPT among undergraduate dental students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted using a self\u2010administered questionnaire (supporting material) distributed to 130 undergraduate dental students of a dental school in Karachi, Pakistan. The questionnaire assessed the frequency and purpose of ChatGPT usage across academic domains and specific learning contexts. It also evaluated students\u2019 attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors using a Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis, while Spearman's correlation tests were applied to examine subgroup differences and relationships between attitudes and behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most participants reported learning about ChatGPT through peers or friends (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200953) and social media (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200938). The mean composite scores for the psychological domains [Perception(3.27), behaviour (3.21) and Attitude (3.19)] indicate a generally neutral\u2010to\u2010moderately positive inclination toward ChatGPT. The primary area of usage was basic dental sciences (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200973). A strong positive correlation was observed between trust in ChatGPT for dental explanations and behavioral engagement (\n                      <jats:italic>rs<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.86, 95% CI [0.88, 0.95],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003, Holm\u2013Bonferroni adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006), while doubts regarding its accuracy were negatively correlated with engagement (\n                      <jats:italic>rs<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.91, 95% CI [\u22120.97, \u22120.76],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002, adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). Students who used ChatGPT for staying updated with dental knowledge (\n                      <jats:italic>rs<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.90, 95% CI [0.68, 0.91],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004, adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) and those willing to recommend it to peers (\n                      <jats:italic>rs<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.95, 95% CI [0.88, 0.98],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001, adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) also demonstrated significantly higher behavioural engagement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Undergraduate dental students showed cautious but receptive attitudes toward ChatGPT, with psychological factors such as trust and perceived usefulness significantly shaping behavioral engagement. While the tool was mainly used for foundational learning, these findings support the need for structured, faculty\u2010guided integration of AI in dental education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:44:23Z","timestamp":1770997463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological Inclinations and Practical Utility of ChatGPT Among Undergraduate Dental Students at a Dental School in Karachi: A Cross\u2010Sectional Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Hanif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dow Dental College Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Sindh institute of Oral health sciences Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsheen","family":"Maqsood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Bahria University Dental College Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marium","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Sindh institute of Oral health sciences Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumaisa","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Sindh institute of Oral health sciences Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2050-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Shakoor","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naseer","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artak","family":"Heboyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai India"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi Yerevan Armenia"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3247663\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00239-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51847\/E49ika828D"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37939\/jrmc.v28i1.2425"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01925-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/50945"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-06702-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2024.03.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","article-title":"Overview of Early Chatgpt's Presence 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and DeepSeek\u20103 in Differential Diagnosis of Complex Oral Lesions: A Multimodal Imaging and Case Difficulty Analysis","volume":"1","author":"Hassanein F. 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A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49710-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31887"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71808","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.71808","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:11:27Z","timestamp":1783012287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.71808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.71808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.71808","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71808"}}