{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:01:25Z","timestamp":1784055685084,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human T\u2010Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV\u20101), is responsible for serious diseases such as Adult T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV\u20101 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis\u00a0(HAM\/TSP). This research aimed to explore the level of awareness and knowledge of HTLV\u20101 among healthcare professionals working at Imam Khomeini hospital complex in Tehran to compare their knowledge in different aspects of this virus including basic knowledge, transmission, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional, descriptive\u2010analytical study was conducted among healthcare personnel at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, during 2023\u20132024. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire designed to assess knowledge and attitudes about HTLV\u20101. The questionnaire underwent expert review for validity and reliability testing, including a 2\u2010week test\u2010retest process with Cohen's kappa coefficient calculation. It included demographic data, binary knowledge questions about HTLV\u20101 transmission, symptoms, complications, prevention, and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 220 healthcare workers and students (63.6% female, 36.4% male) from medical, paramedical, and service fields participated in the study. Participants' attitude and knowledge levels were assessed using correct response rates, revealing significantly higher attitude scores (64.81%) compared to knowledge scores (42.61%) based on the Wilcoxon test (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Gender\u2010based comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in attitudes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30) or knowledge (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.95). Age\u2010group analyses using Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests identified significant differences in knowledge performance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00015), with the 26\u201335 age group outperforming others. Job position comparisons showed no significant differences in attitude or knowledge scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights a notable gap in knowledge about HTLV\u20101 among healthcare professionals at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, despite relatively positive attitudes. Significant differences in knowledge were observed across age groups, with the 26\u201335 age group demonstrating better awareness. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational programs to improve HTLV\u20101 knowledge, particularly among younger and less experienced staff, to enhance preventive and diagnostic capabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T05:07:31Z","timestamp":1771823251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge Regarding Human T\u2010Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV\u20101) Among Healthcare Workers at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, in 2023\u20132024, A Cross\u2010Sectional Descriptive\u2010Analytical Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Letafati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0798-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasaman","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Sheikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee for Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Afzali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee for Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Norouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasra Allaei","family":"Rouzbahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences BandarAbbas Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6833-3598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmadreza","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayed\u2010Hamidreza","family":"Mozhgani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran"},{"name":"Non\u2010communicable Disease Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2022.105324"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1656"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030492"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2024.2336547"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Bryan S.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Human T\u2010Lymphotropic Virus Type I and Breastfeeding; 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