{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:25:34Z","timestamp":1787250334304,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a pressing public health issue for young children in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries like Somalia, significantly increasing risks of morbidity, mortality, and impaired development. High\u2010dose Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is a crucial preventative intervention, yet data on its coverage in Somalia's complex humanitarian context are scarce. This study aims to assess the prevalence of VAS and identify its sociodemographic determinants among Somali children aged 6\u201359 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study utilized a quantitative, cross\u2010sectional design, analyzing data from 15,456 children aged 6\u201359 months from the nationally representative Somalia Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) 2020. The outcome was maternal report of a child receiving a Vitamin A supplement in the preceding 6 months. To ensure the results were nationally representative, weighted descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were performed in Stata to account for the complex survey design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of VAS receipt was critically low at 11.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed significant and unexpected disparities. Contrary to expectations, compared to children of mothers with no education, those with primary (AOR\u2009=\u20090.453,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), secondary (AOR\u2009=\u20090.302,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), or higher education (AOR\u2009=\u20090.327,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) had significantly lower odds of their child receiving VAS. Children in nomadic households had significantly lower odds than those in rural households (AOR\u2009=\u20090.626, 95% CI: 0.549\u20130.714,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Compared to mothers aged 15\u201319, older mothers (\u2265\u200935 years) had significantly lower odds of their child receiving VAS. Children of divorced mothers also had lower odds than those of married mothers (AOR\u2009=\u20090.799,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.028).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VAS coverage among young Somali children is alarmingly inadequate. The counterintuitive finding regarding maternal education suggests that conventional assumptions about health\u2010seeking behaviors may not apply in this context. Targeted interventions and strengthened health system delivery are urgently needed to address these disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:15:03Z","timestamp":1772957703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin A Supplementation Among Somali Children (6\u201359 Months): A Cross\u2010Sectional Study Using Insights From the SDHS 2020"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-8717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Said","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdirahman Ibrahim","family":"said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saralees","family":"Nadarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayan Husein","family":"Korse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Postgraduate Studies and Research Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana Mahdi","family":"Dahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Postgraduate Studies and Research Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195088243.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","unstructured":"W. H.Organization \u201cGlobal Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at risk 1995\u20102005: WHO Global Database on vitamin A Deficiency \u201d inGlobal Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995\u20102005: WHO Global Database on Vitamin A deficiency 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00039-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-5391.2011.01129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","unstructured":"N. S.Gam \u201cFood Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit\u2010Somalia \u201d2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","unstructured":"K.Menkhaus Somalia: A Situation Analysis 7 Writenet Pap.2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11915-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","volume-title":"The State of the World's Children 2021: On My Mind\u2010\u2010Promoting, Protecting and Caring for Children's Mental Health","author":"Keeley B.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","unstructured":"M. H.Omar \u201cAn Assessment of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems of the Federal Government of Somalia. A Case of the Ministry of Planning \u201d 2022 University of Nairobi."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","unstructured":"WHO Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6\u201359 Months of Age 269 Geneva World Heal. 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I.Abdi \u201cAssessment of Vitamin A Routine Supplementation and Diet Rich in Vitamin A on Nutrition Status in Children Under Five Years of Age in Wajir East Sub\u2010County \u201d2020 KeMU."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60169-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","unstructured":"F.Tilbury S.Clarke R.Slee andI.O'Ferrall 2004Eritrean Ethiopian Somali and Sudanese Communities in Western Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-05334-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Human Services. \u201cSomalia Health Sector Strategic Plan 2022\u20132026 (Hssp Iii) \u201d vol. 2026 no. 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