{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:25:39Z","timestamp":1787250339443,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010medication, while convenient for managing minor illnesses, poses significant public health risks when practiced without adequate knowledge or oversight. In Bangladesh, especially in urban areas, self\u2010medication is common, driven by inadequate regulation and low public awareness. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of self\u2010medication among adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2023 in Badda, Dhaka. A total of 361 adults who attempted to purchase medications without a prescription were interviewed using a semi\u2010structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi\u2010square tests were applied to examine associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 361 participants, 330 (91.4%, 95% CI: 88.1\u201394.0) reported illness in the previous 3 months, and 198 (60.0%, 95% CI: 54.6\u201365.1) of these self\u2010medicated. The most common ailments treated were cough (86; 43.4%), headache (72; 36.4%), and acidity (40; 20.2%). Frequently used medicines included analgesics (96; 48.5%), anti\u2010ulcer agents (65; 32.8%), and antibiotics (55; 27.8%). While 128 (64.8%) reported having knowledge of the medicines they used, many altered dosages (147;40.7%)\u00a0or discontinued treatment prematurely (165;45.7%). Among self\u2010medicators, 82 (41.3%) experienced side effects. Of those who self\u2010medicated with antibiotics, 53 (26.8%) discontinued treatment early.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite widespread awareness of its risks, self\u2010medication remains common and often unsafe among urban adults in Dhaka. Strengthening public education, enforcing regulations, and improving access to affordable healthcare are essential to promote safer self\u2010care practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:38:20Z","timestamp":1773027500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discrepancy Between Knowledge and Practice of Self\u2010Medication Among Adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2023: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Salma","family":"Sultana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control &amp; Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3492-8680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Immamul","family":"Muntasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control &amp; Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Asraful","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37506\/ijphrd.v13i3.18199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Guidelines for the Regulatory Assessment of Medicinal Products for use in Self\u2010medication [Internet] https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/66154."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-847"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S256272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2109-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Health Labour Market Analysis in Bangladesh 2021 | Request PDF [Internet] https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/372310765_Health_Labour_Market_Analysis_in_Bangladesh_2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"(PDF) Practice of Self\u2010Medication among Students of a Selected Medical College of Dhaka City Bangladesh [Internet] https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/316182521_Practice_of_Self-Medication_among_Students_of_a_Selected_Medical_College_of_Dhaka_City_Bangladesh."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2009.21.3.361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy6010006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"(PDF) Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Self\u2010medication Among Urban and Rural Population [Internet] https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/345921065_Assessment_of_knowledge_and_practice_of_self-medication_among_urban_and_rural_population."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2319-2003.ijbcp20203522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20170887"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitude & Practice of Self\u2010Medication With Painkillers Among Young Adults, Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Sarker R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.138012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574884714666191122103953"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71954","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.71954","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.71954","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:50:00Z","timestamp":1787248200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.71954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.71954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.71954","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71954"}}