{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:25:23Z","timestamp":1783023923918,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease affecting the cornea, the clear dome\u2010 shaped structure at the front of the eye. In keratoconus, the cornea thins and bulges outward into a cone shape, leading to loss of visual acuity. The aetiology of keratoconus remains unclear, but it involves both genetic and environmental factors. Eye rubbing is a well\u2010established risk factor for keratoconus. Previous studies in Saudi Arabia highlighted a concerning lack of awareness about keratoconus among the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the awareness of keratoconus and its relationship with eye rubbing among the population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was performed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, involving 341 participants using an online pre\u2010designed questionnaire from August to September 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 341 participants completed the questionnaire. Participant age ranged from 18 to &gt;\u200960 years. More than half of the participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009215; 63%) were female. Regarding the overall awareness about keratoconus, 102 participants (29.9%) demonstrated a good awareness level; the most common source of information reported was social media (20%). Notably, 276 participants (81%) reported rubbing their eyes because of allergies (8%), headache or fatigue (28%), and itching (58%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study in Riyadh indicated that many participants had a poor awareness of keratoconus and its potential relationship with eye rubbing. It is essential to enhance public awareness through health education programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T09:30:30Z","timestamp":1774776630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Awareness About Keratoconus and Its Relation With Eye Rubbing: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study in Riyadh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Alhadlaq S","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albatool Falah","family":"Aljofan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Majmaah University Majmaah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haya","family":"Alshutayli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Majmaah University Majmaah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Alnowaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirah M.","family":"Almokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Resident Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaker O.","family":"Alreshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Division, Department of Surgical Specialities, College of Medicine Majmaah University Majmaah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taghreed","family":"Alnahedh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU\u2010HS) Riyadh Saudi\u00a0Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1212314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90817-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_204_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.074955"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2011.560747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05081-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-1549(03)00099-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/795738"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2019.11.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-100626"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.55692"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2007.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51627"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1212_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Raosoft. 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