{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:26:52Z","timestamp":1783024012372,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral lichen planus OLP) is a chronic, T\u2010cell\u2013mediated disease frequently accompanied by xerostomia. Prior work suggests reduced salivary M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) may contribute to hyposalivation. We investigated whether anti\u2010M3R autoantibodies are elevated in serum and saliva of OLP patients compared with healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this case\u2013control study, we enrolled 30 patients with OLP and 30 matched healthy controls. Exclusion criteria eliminated confounders of salivary dysfunction. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were collected under standardized conditions; venous blood was drawn. Anti\u2010M3R autoantibody levels were measured in serum and in both saliva fractions using enzyme\u2011linked immunosorbent assay. Group comparisons used independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests for approximately normal variables (flow rates) and nonparametric tests for nonnormal variables (autoantibodies).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stimulated salivary flow was lower in OLP versus controls (0.67\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12 vs. 1.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2009mL\/min;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930 per group). Unstimulated flow was likewise lower (0.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 vs. 0.90\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u2009mL\/min). Xerostomia severity was higher in OLP (mean XI 43.64\u2009\u00b1\u200931.7) than controls (17.23\u2009\u00b1\u20092.06). Between\u2010group differences in anti\u2010M3R autoantibody levels were not significant in serum or in unstimulated or stimulated saliva.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OLP patients showed significantly reduced stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow and higher xerostomia scores, but no elevation of anti\u2010M3R autoantibodies in serum or saliva versus controls. These findings suggest that mechanisms other than circulating anti\u2010M3R autoantibodies\u2014such as receptor functional alterations, salivary composition changes, or other immune pathways\u2014may underlie xerostomia in OLP. Future studies should consider more sensitive detection methods, concurrent immunoglobulin isotype assessment, and tissue\u2010level analyses to clarify M3R\u2010related dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T14:59:47Z","timestamp":1776610787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti\u2010M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Autoantibody in the Serum and Saliva of Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Case\u2010Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8236-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Agha\u2010hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Koochaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2302-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdieh\u2010Sadat","family":"Moosavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3488-6842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iraj","family":"Mirzaei\u2010Dizgah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine AJA University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1215-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Khayamzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3797"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300405"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review","volume":"10","author":"Oberti L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001168.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05411-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14142"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0393-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus and Lichen Planus: The Real Association","volume":"10","author":"Mahboubi N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatitis Monthly"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2003.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1670-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21764"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3186-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20559"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Saliva Between Normal and Pathological. Important Factors in Determining Systemic and Oral Health","volume":"2","author":"Iorgulescu G.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Life"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23569"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry Analysis of P53 and Ki\u201067 Proteins in Oral Lichen Planus and Normal Oral Mucosa","volume":"38","author":"Agha\u2010Hosseini F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221832"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13094"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dentre.2021.100007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Xerostomia in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus: A Review","volume":"21","author":"Sadat Moosavi M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009721"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410410001716733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211004842"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2020.104441"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-018-0062-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12120"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh389"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.129049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20371"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-012-0788-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04188.x"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72014","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72014","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:53:53Z","timestamp":1783022033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72014"}}