{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:25:14Z","timestamp":1787250314727,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of death, with 80% of deaths occurring in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs). Improving access to screening and early diagnosis is essential. Point\u2010of\u2010care testing (POCT), which provides rapid results near the patient, is particularly valuable in resource\u2010limited settings. While POCT has been successfully implemented for infectious diseases like HIV and TB, investment in CVD\u2010focused POCT remains limited. This scoping review maps global evidence on the acceptability of CVD POCT, guided by the World Health Organization's REASSURED criteria, to inform future implementation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost databases. A preliminary search confirmed feasibility. Two reviewers independently screened studies at all stages, with agreement assessed statistically. The quality of included studies was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), version 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 738 articles identified, 13 primary studies conducted in primary care settings were included. Themes emerging from the review included POCT availability, influence on triage and clinical decision\u2010making, ease of use, sample volume, and feasibility. Only two studies were randomized controlled trials; the rest were observational, mostly comparing POCT accuracy to central laboratory testing. Inter\u2010reviewer agreement was high (Kappa\u2009=\u20090.92), and MMAT scores ranged from 71.4% to 85.7%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CVD POCTs are generally acceptable and demonstrate strong potential for clinical integration. However, a lack of robust evidence on patient outcomes, particularly from LMICs, limits the establishment of their effectiveness. More randomized controlled trials and economic evaluations in LMICs, where the burden of CVD is highest, are needed to support broader implementation and inform global strategies to reduce the impact of CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:01:03Z","timestamp":1773115263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acceptability of Cardiovascular Disease Point\u2010of\u2010Care Diagnostics in Primary Care Settings: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nakedi","family":"Moswete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5621-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siphesihle Robin","family":"Nxele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  South Africa"},{"name":"Center for Development and Implementation of Point\u2010of\u2010care Diagnostics, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Modipane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1567-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evans","family":"Duah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  South Africa"},{"name":"Center for Development and Implementation of Point\u2010of\u2010care Diagnostics, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Chale\u2010Matsau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews University of St Andrews St Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tivani","family":"Mashamba\u2010Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  South Africa"},{"name":"Center for Development and Implementation of Point\u2010of\u2010care Diagnostics, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1288"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317314"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae281"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2011.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2024.1606243"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02604-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194960"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13504-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00442-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","volume-title":"Non\u2010Communicable Diseases in South Africa: Findings From Death Notifications, 2008\u20132018","author":"Maluleke R.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247570"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2022.100889"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","article-title":"D\u2010Dimer Test for Excluding the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"2016","author":"Crawford F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuac037"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2015.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2990"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0295-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","unstructured":"Q. N.Hong P.Pluyea S.Fabregues et al. MIxed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) Version 2018 User guide Quan Nha HONGa Pierre PLUYEa Sergi F\u00c0BREGUESb Gillian BARTLETTa Felicity BOARDMANc Margaret CARGOd Pierre DAGENAISe Marie\u2010Pierre GAGNONf Frances GRIFFITHSc Belinda NICOLAUa Alicia O'CATHAINg Marie\u2010Claude ROUSSEAUh & Isabelle VEDELa (McGill University 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617745893"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617709985"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2021-211179"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204746"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1174-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-12-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2015.1066846"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174504"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21853"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2014.984901"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","volume-title":"The World Bank in Middle Income Countries: Overview","author":"World Bank"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12919-023-00285-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goal 3 Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well\u2010being for all at all Ages(United Nations 2025).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-0317-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01329-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001443"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13392"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72032","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72032","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:45:40Z","timestamp":1787247940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72032","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72032"}}