{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:22:30Z","timestamp":1783023750206,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coronavirus disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019) emerged in 2019 from Wuhan, China, leading to the accelerated development of vaccines, which have proven instrumental in controlling the spread of the virus. While vaccination ceased the increasing trend of the viral infection, rare adverse autoimmune events emerged as important considerations. The present review captures the current evidence on reported cases of post\u2010COVID\u201019 vaccination autoimmune and clinical presentations and their potential immunological mechanisms. We aim to inform healthcare providers about the spectrum of potential vaccine\u2010related autoimmune responses, support timely diagnosis, and suggest considerations for patient management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We comprehensively searched Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed to find relevant studies on autoimmune events after COVID\u201019 vaccination. We prioritized studies that help understand the mechanisms, manifestations, and clinical management of autoimmune events associated with COVID\u201019 vaccines. Since this is a narrative review, we synthesized findings qualitatively from diverse study types, such as case reports and cohort studies, with no formal reanalysis and pooling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although causality relationship needs more studies for clarification, we found an increasing trend of reporting COVID\u201019 vaccine\u2010associated autoimmune events, such as vaccine\u2010induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 (GBS), Graves' disease (GD), and autoimmune hepatitis (AH). We reported clinical manifestations, risk factors for developing the disease, and the importance of proper management in each autoimmune disease. Finally, we guided future investigation to clarify the risk factors and mechanistic pathways linking COVID\u201019 vaccination to autoimmune responses to have safer vaccinations in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune reactions to COVID\u201019 vaccination are rare but need consideration. We suggest that each of these events can be controlled through personalized risk assessment and management of the autoimmune events. This aim can be achieved by focusing on unique aspects of post\u2010vaccine autoimmune events, using novel approaches, risk assessors, and predictor tools such as AI\u2010based analysis of predictive biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T04:41:21Z","timestamp":1775191281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Immunization to Autoimmunity: A Deep Dive Into Post\u2010COVID\u201019 Vaccine Reactions\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Yousefi\u2010Hashemabad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"},{"name":"USERN MUbabol Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"},{"name":"USERN MUbabol Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiarash","family":"Saleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohamad Kazem","family":"Nourbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andia","family":"Saleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students' Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7698-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Azadmehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104502"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00383"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-138234"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00592-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1009393"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","unstructured":"Organization WH. 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