{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:25:59Z","timestamp":1787250359088,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anemia during pregnancy remains a major cause of maternal and infant morbidity in Ghana and has broader socioeconomic implications. Its persistence despite existing interventions indicates that factors such as education, occupation, and nutrition require closer evaluation. This study assessed the prevalence of anemia and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A hospital\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 152 consenting pregnant women attending antenatal care at Ark Medical Center. A structured pretested questionnaire collected demographic and clinical data. Participants from all trimesters were included. Blood samples were analyzed to determine anemia status, type, and severity. Descriptive statistics were used, and associations were evaluated using chi\u2010square tests and multivariable logistic regression, with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anemia was present in 55.90% of participants, of whom 63.53% had mild and 36.47% had moderate anemia. The highest prevalence occurred among women aged \u2265\u200936 years (65.22%) and those with secondary education (62.22%). Independent risk factors were inadequate intake of iron\u2010rich foods (aOR\u2009=\u20095.77, 95% CI: 2.46\u20139.28,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), sickle cell disease (aOR\u2009=\u20096.72, 95% CI: 4.31\u201310.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022), and helminth infection (aOR\u2009=\u20095.73, 95% CI: 2.04\u201310.08,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the predominant type (47.06%), with significantly reduced mean corpuscular volume (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anemia remains highly prevalent among pregnant women and is strongly associated with nutritional deficiency, sickle cell disease, and helminth infections. The dominance of microcytic hypochromic anemia supports the need for targeted nutritional support, prophylaxis, and routine screening within antenatal care to improve pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T13:31:17Z","timestamp":1773581477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at a Medical Center in Accra, Ghana: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1197-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gifty","family":"Amewudah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3881-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank Twum","family":"Aboagye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5937-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Quarshie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Directorate Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Klagon\u2010Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9082-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin Owusu","family":"Asante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6224-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ansah\u2010Agyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9044-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Otchere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6225-2284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip Narteh","family":"Gorleku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Sciences Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8614-8034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice Ofoe","family":"Gorleku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Directorate Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Klagon\u2010Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9661-6386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Atuahene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition and Dietetics Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7819-8817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abena Mantebea","family":"Ateko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmic Dispensing Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2041-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Eshun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Sciences Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences Tema Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082745"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"WHO Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity(World Health Organization 2011) 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Global Anaemia Reduction Efforts Among Women of Reproductive Age: Impact, Achievement of Targets and the Way Forward for Optimizing 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