{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:25:41Z","timestamp":1787250341321,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective pain management remains a critical component of emergency care. However, patient\u2010related beliefs and misconceptions about pain medication can pose significant barriers to adequate analgesia. The aim of the study was to assess patient\u2010reported barriers to pain medication use and outcome in an emergency setting in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 386 adult patients who presented with moderate to severe pain. Data was collected using an adapted short form of Barriers Questionnaire, and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores before and 30\u2009min after treatment. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi\u2010square test, and ANCOVA. Pain severity was categorized as mild (0\u20133), moderate (4\u20136), and severe (7\u201310).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most participants (69.4%) demonstrated moderate to high levels of perceived barriers to pain management. The most endorsed barrier was the belief that pain signifies worsening illness (mean\u2009=\u20093.77, SD\u2009=\u20091.32), followed by concerns about addiction and saving medications for future use. Significant reductions in pain scores were observed after treatment across analgesic groups. After adjustment for baseline pain and diagnosis, differences in post\u2010treatment pain was significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient misconceptions about pain and its treatment persist in emergency care settings and may impact both pain reporting and medication adherence. Efforts to improve pain outcomes must include patient education and revision of prescribing practices, especially regarding opioids and non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Targeted interventions are essential to overcoming both systemic and attitudinal barriers to pain management at emergency settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:01:58Z","timestamp":1773979318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pain Experience and Patient\u2010Reported Barriers to Analgesic Use in Emergency Care in Ghana: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Mensah","family":"Arhin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast  Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac Tabiri","family":"Henneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast  Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Arhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7024-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Kojo","family":"Prah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Nkrumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Acute, Continuing and Chronic Care, School of Nursing The University of Alabama at Birmingham  Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwayemisi Esther","family":"Ekor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9649-2497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwesi Boadu","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martins","family":"Ekor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast  Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"2018","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines for the Pharmacological and Radiotherapeutic Management of Cancer Pain in Adults and Adolescents","author":"WHO World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134566"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/269140"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-024-01016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.14.1574"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S144066"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"3191","volume-title":"Healthcare","author":"Becerra\u2010Bola\u00f1os A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.4827"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90165-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.68.5206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.04.11.22273701"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","volume-title":"Sampling Techniques","author":"Cochran W. 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