{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:25:18Z","timestamp":1787250318752,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82560310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82560310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading global cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. This study utilizes global burden of disease (GBD) data to assess its long\u2010term trends in incidence, mortality, and disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the GBD, we analyzed age\u2010standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rates among reproductive\u2010aged women (15\u201349 years). Trend analysis was conducted via Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percentage changes (APCs), while future burden projections were modeled using Bayesian age\u2010period\u2010cohort (BAPC) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1990 to 2021, the global age\u2010standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of PPH declined significantly from 998.26 (95% UI: 654.55\u20131,438.33) to 722.16 (95% UI: 482.99\u20131,022.71) per 100,000 population. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was \u22120.83% (95% UI: \u22120.90% to \u22120.77%). Projections suggest this downward trend will continue, with ASIR expected to reach 321.17 (95% UI: 302.55\u2013359.30) by 2035. In 2021, women aged 20\u201324 years continued to exhibit the highest DALYs, amounting to 749,063 years (95% UI, 629,108.37\u2013894,035.97). From 1990 to 2021, the proportion of DALYs among women of reproductive age attributable to iron deficiency\u2010related PPH increased from 17.19% (95% UI, 8.65% to 21.48%) to 17.96% (95% UI, 8.67% to 23.95%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sustained decline in the incidence of PPH over the past thirty years\u2014a trend projected to continue through 2035, reflecting the ongoing effectiveness of public health interventions. We also found a potential association with iron deficiency, alongside a consistently higher disease burden observed among women aged 20\u201324 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:19:31Z","timestamp":1774419571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Postpartum Hemorrhage (1990\u20132021): A Statistical Analysis of Incidence, Mortality, and DALYs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5834-5086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jidong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Guigang City People's Hospital Guigang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6488-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiujing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2555-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yachang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1513247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01732-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00448-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FM9.0000000000000256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FM9.0000000000000261"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories 1990\u20102019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. 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