{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:25:23Z","timestamp":1787250323040,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent psychological burden among females of reproductive age diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Bangladeshi university\u2010going PCOS\u2010diagnosed female students encounter unique stressors that may elevate anxiety symptoms when diagnosed with PCOS. Despite the known association between PCOS and anxiety, there is limited research on the sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors of GAD in this population. This study examined the key risk factors associated with GAD among PCOS\u2010diagnosed students in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from January to June 2024 across 15 public and private universities in Dhaka. A total of 282 female students aged 18\u201345 years, previously diagnosed with PCOS by a physician, were recruited using non\u2010probability sampling. Data were collected using a structured, expert\u2010validated questionnaire that included demographics, lifestyle, and psychological variables. The generalized anxiety disorder\u20107 (GAD\u20107) scale was used to assess anxiety. Associations were analyzed using Chi\u2010squared tests, and binary logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of GAD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 282 students, logistic regression analysis revealed that mood instability (AOR\u2009=\u20094.18, 95% CI: [1.78\u201310.6]), having children (AOR\u2009=\u20090.11, 95% CI: [0.01\u20130.76]), oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) (AOR\u2009=\u20091.99, 95% CI: [1.14\u20133.48]), skipping meals (AOR\u2009=\u20092.13, 95% CI: [1.18\u20133.90]), and age (AOR\u2009=\u20091.13, 95% CI: [1.06\u20131.22]) were significantly associated with GAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this study highlight key health\u2010related factors, along with lifestyle, psychological, and risk factors that could potentially develop GAD in university students with PCOS. These study outcomes underscore the need for mental health and reproductive support programs in university settings, particularly in resource\u2010limited environments like Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T13:25:47Z","timestamp":1774185947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and\u00a0Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Diagnosed University\u2010Going Female Students in Bangladesh: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0030-3292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fardin Al Fahad","family":"Shakib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifratul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmud","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaherin Islam","family":"Tuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nowmy","family":"Niaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2382-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamim","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4384-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Borhan","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61345-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53346\/wjapmr.2024.7.1.0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1027945"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"A. N.Kumar J.Nagaiah Naidu U.Satyanarayana K.Ramalingam andM.Anitha \u201cMetabolic and Endocrine Characteristics of Indian Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome \u201d2016 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22074\/ijfs.2016.4764."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20252716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.85338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-07435-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20551029251327441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-020-01043-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02667"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56543\/aaeeu.2024.3.2.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51542\/ijscia.v5i6.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59324\/ejmhr.2024.2(5).22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06154-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47895\/amp.v58i11.8977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2021-0092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1520641"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2319-2003.ijbcp20214500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9121709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.709674"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33545\/26648377.2025.v7.i1a.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03490-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.2016.0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S241192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/klrooney"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-016-0520-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00356-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00117-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12191927"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72193","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72193","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:47:06Z","timestamp":1787248026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72193","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72193"}}