{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:02:03Z","timestamp":1789984923284,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little information is available on tooth displacement and periodontal ligament (PDL) stress distribution caused by computer assisted design\u2010computer assisted manufacturing (CAD\/CAM) retainers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare CAD\/CAM and multistrand retainers in terms of PDL stresses, risk of root resorption, and displacements of mandibular anterior teeth with 4 different inclinations using finite element analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this computer\u2010based finite element simulation, eight models consisting of the six mandibular anterior teeth, their PDLs, and surrounding alveolar bones were created. Four models simulated conventional fixed retainers with multistrand wires; four others simulated CAD\/CAM nickel\u2010titanium fixed retainers. Within each retainer group, four different tooth inclinations relative to the horizontal plane (inclination angles of 110\u00b0, 100\u00b0, 90\u00b0, and 80\u00b0) were modeled. All models were subjected to a vertical pressure of 42\u2009psi (0.289\u2009MPa, exerted on the incisal surfaces) and a lingual force of 10\u2009N. Calculated were PDL stresses, the risk of root resorption (defined as areas where PDL stress exceeded 0.0047\u2009MPa), and dental displacements along the buccolingual and intrusive\/extrusive axes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With fixed multi\u2010strand retainers, the buccolingual displacements of incisor and canine crowns are 3.10, 6.10, and between 2.82 and 5.32\u2009\u00b5m in the lingual side. As the inclination increases, displacement and strain are often increased. In the CAD\/CAM models, the buccolingual displacements of the crown of incisors and canines were between 2.94 and 4.76\u2009\u00b5m and 3.34 and 4.01\u2009\u00b5m in the lingual side, respectively. By increasing the inclination, the displacement and strain often decreased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although this FEA study showed some differences between models, no clinical recommendation is possible. Clinical decisions must also consider breakage modes, undetected debonding risk, and patient follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T09:07:33Z","timestamp":1779700053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Computer Assisted Design\u2010Computer Assisted Manufacturing Nickel\u2010Titanium Fixed Lingual Retainers Versus Conventional Flexible Multistrand Retainers on Tooth Displacements and Periodontal Ligament Stress Distributions in the Mandibular Anterior Teeth at Four Different Inclinations: A Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hanie","family":"Daryanavard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Oral and Dental Health Research Center, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Mazhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Oral and Dental Health Research Center, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Mazhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering ACECR Institute for Higher Education Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooman Ghazi","family":"Oskouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Oral and Dental Health Research Center, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrnaz","family":"Moradinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Oral and Dental Health Research Center, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shole","family":"Shahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Oral and Dental Health Research Center, School of Dentistry Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9503-3133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Rakhshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry Azad University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12560"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/TurkJOrthod.2023.2022.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics\u2010e\u2010Book","author":"Proffit W. 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