{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:26:52Z","timestamp":1783024012429,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious sight\u2010threatening microvascular complication of type two diabetes mellitus. Globally, it is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss. Ninety\u2010three million people live with diabetic retinopathy suffer some sort of eye damage worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients who attend diabetic unit of Hiwot Fana Specialized Hospital, 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An institutional based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among type two diabetes mellitus patients. The data were collected using semi structured questionnaire and direct eye examination with Slit\u2010Lamp bio\u2010microscopy. \u201cMultivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diabetic retinopathy, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reported. Statistical significance was considered at\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.05\u201d.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of DR was 27.6% with 95% CI (22%\u201334%). Being less than 60 years old (AOR\u2009=\u20090.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.84), having comorbid hypertension (AOR\u2009=\u20098.63, 95% CI: 2.51, 29.75), glycemic control less than seven (AOR\u2009=\u20090.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.28), having family history of DM (AOR\u2009=\u20093.29, 95% CI: 1.02, 10.67), less than 5 years' diabetes duration (AOR\u2009=\u20090.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.61) were factors significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed a high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among T2DM patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Key associated factors included duration of diabetes, older age and poor glycemic control. These findings highlight the urgent need for routine ophthalmologic screening and targeted diabetes education in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:38:25Z","timestamp":1775713105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Associated Factors Among Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fekadu Abera","family":"Kebede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences Oda Bultum University  Chiro Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosief Tsige","family":"Radie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa 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