{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:52:45Z","timestamp":1788537165867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      )\u2010induced gastric ulcer is a public health challenge in Pakistan. The current study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010induced gastric ulcers among the general Pakistani population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan's second\u2010largest city, involving 385 participants from the general population selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via interview\u2010administered questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests, and binary logistic regression, were performed using SPSS version 25.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the participants, 51.4% were male and 48.6% female, primarily 54.1% were aged 18\u201324 with 57.4% holding bachelor's degrees. In general Pakistani population majority have moderate knowledge of\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010induced gastric ulcers, with 49.1% having heard of the condition and many were unsure about its symptoms and transmission. Regarding attitude, 86.8% recognized it as a serious health issue, and only 40.0% believed they could be infected. Preventive practices such as regular hand washing (52.2%) and proper food hygiene (43.8%) were common, but lifestyle factors like smoking and diet affected knowledge and attitudes significantly. Regression analysis highlighted that individuals aged 18\u201324 (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20092.592,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014) and students (adjusted odds ratio (ORa)\u2009=\u200920.849,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) showed higher knowledge, while low education (ORa\u2009=\u20090.151,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), low income (ORa\u2009=\u20090.230,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and smoking (ORa\u2009=\u20090.379,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026) were associated with poorer attitudes. Students (ORa\u2009=\u20090.130,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), and unemployment (ORa\u2009=\u20090.173,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013) were linked to poorer practices.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of the current study highlight significant knowledge, attitude, and practice gaps regarding\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010induced gastric ulcers in the general Pakistani population. Targeted educational interventions are important to address misconceptions, promote healthy behaviors, and improve management strategies for\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010induced gastric ulcers in Pakistan.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T04:31:25Z","timestamp":1775536285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating Lifestyle and Educational Factors Influencing Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    \u2010Induced Gastric Ulcer: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6374-3506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma Ghulam","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lahore Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3436-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeel","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA, Campus Puncak Alam Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Aamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lahore Lahore Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0773-0463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shazia","family":"Jamshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6656-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumera Saeed","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Health Care University of Otago Dunedin New\u00a0Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i7.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00054-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010027"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","article-title":"Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Its Prevention","volume":"2023","author":"Bashir S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18158173"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00144"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2021.22.5.1645"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","article-title":"Attitudes and Practices Regarding Helicobacter pylori Infection Among the Public in Jordan: A Cross\u2010Sectional Survey","volume":"16","author":"Alaridah N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2012.13.4.1167"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.sjg_288_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","unstructured":"Pakistan Bureau of Statistics \u201cLahore Census 2023 \u201dhttps:\/\/www.pbs.gov.pk\/census-2017-district-wise\/results\/053."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"Raosoft Sample Size Calculator(Raosoft 2004) http:\/\/www.raosoft.com\/samplesize.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12705"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-5-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029638"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2013.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2021-001290"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"802","article-title":"Epidemiological Study of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Risk Factors in Shanghai","volume":"85","author":"Chen S. 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