{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:38:28Z","timestamp":1791819508592,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The number of newborns with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome is alarming, due to the increase in maternal opioid use. Despite the critical health and socio\u2010economic impact, a precise clinical and therapeutic approach for opioid using infants and mothers remains undefined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main objective is to update the therapeutic approach and the role of nursing in neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome due to mothers who use opioids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review, as a meta\u2010analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity across study designs and outcomes, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies related to the update of the therapeutic approach and the role of nursing in a newborn with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome were considered. Single patient case studies, studies of psychoactive substances other than opium derivatives, iatrogenic treatment approach, guidelines, consensus and meeting abstracts were excluded. The databases Scopus, Dialnet, Cinahl and PubMed were searched.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the 28 publications included indicated the need for a major update of both treatment, diagnostic scales and treatment in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clonidine and buprenorphine demonstrated superior safety profiles and shorter treatment duration compared to morphine in controlling NOWS symptoms. The ESC functional assessment model, integrated with non\u2010pharmacological interventions, proved superior to traditional Finnegan scoring, significantly reducing pharmacotherapy requirements, total morphine exposure, hospital length of stay, and healthcare costs whilst enhancing breastfeeding rates and parental involvement. Nursing\u2010led holistic care, encompassing skin\u2010to\u2010skin contact, breastfeeding support, rooming\u2010in, and environmental control, is essential and irreplaceable in comprehensive NOWS management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:28:22Z","timestamp":1776400102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Update in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological Treatments and the ESC Assessment Model. A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5648-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Seville Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Schools of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry University of Seville Seville Spain"},{"name":"Research Group CTS1149: Integral and Sustainable Health: Bio\u2010Psycho\u2010Social Cultural, and Spiritual Approach for Human Development Seville Spain"},{"name":"Human Resources Supervisor and Research Unit Lead Unit University Hospital Virgen Macarena Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Peria\u00f1ez","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Schools of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry University of Seville Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel Cohe\u00f1a","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Seville Spain"},{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Schools of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry University of Seville, Research Group CTS589: Advances in podiatric surgery Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23938\/ASSN.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Council of Economic Advisers. (2025 March 26). The Staggering Cost of the Illicit Opioid Epidemic in the United States (The White House). https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/articles\/2025\/03\/the-staggering-cost-of-the-illicit-opioid-epidemic-in-the-united-states\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20986\/resed.2021.3965\/2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14295\/pediatr.v50i2.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. B.Silva\u2010Monta\u00f1o M. J.Ponce\u2010Alcocer K.Sampedro\u2010Martillo andR.del(2022) 2. 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