{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:20:37Z","timestamp":1783023637256,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reliable evidence on the extent, characteristics, and timing of intimate partner violence (IPV) is crucial for guiding targeted interventions in sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA). This study draws on the most recent demographic and health surveys (DHSs) conducted in SSA to identify approaches for preventing and responding effectively to women experiencing IPV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed sociodemographic data, maternal characteristics, and violence from the recent DHS (2015\u20132021) of 18 SSA countries. We performed a latent class analysis (LCA) to identify women experiencing similar levels of physical, sexual, and emotional violence and to examine their common characteristics. We fit a Cox proportional hazard model to determine predictors of short duration to the first episode of IPV after marriage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis included 84,717 women. We identified two distinct classes of IPV experience in SSA: a class with very high (class probability: physical (82.2%), sexual (77.6%), and emotional violence (33.8%) and a class with low violence. Six countries (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Uganda, Mali, Tanzania, and Zambia) constituted more than two\u2010thirds of women who experienced all forms of violence in SSA. Approximately 25% of women had their first episode of all forms of IPV in their first year of marriage. Two important variables, the husband drinking alcohol and the woman's lack of autonomy, were associated with all forms of IPV and predicted the shortest time to the first episode of IPV after marriage. A husband drinking alcohol alone predicted 61% of IPV cases (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)\u2009=\u20090.613; 95% CI: 0.609, 0.616).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the importance of comprehensive treatment and prevention efforts that include both criminal justice and public health strategies focusing on women who drink their partner and who have low authority in the first two to 3 years of marriage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T15:02:11Z","timestamp":1776610931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extent, Timing, and Predisposing Factors of Intimate Partner Violence in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa: A Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis Using Demography Health Surveys From 2015 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Abel F.","family":"Dadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University Casuarina Australia"},{"name":"Addis Continental Institute of Public Health Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3797-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kedir Y.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rural Health Research Institute Charles Sturt University Orange Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayli","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University Casuarina Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temesgen Yihunie","family":"Akalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Bentley Australia"},{"name":"Geospatial and Tuberculosis Research Team, Telethon Kids Institute Perth Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adhanom Gebreegziabher","family":"Baraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Therapy Queen's University Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achamyeleh Birhanu","family":"Teshale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfa Sewunet","family":"Alamneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3878-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zemenu Tadesse","family":"Tessema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6734-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robel Hussen","family":"Kabthymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences Monash University Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health Dilla University Dilla Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koku Sisay","family":"Tamirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"},{"name":"School of Rural Health Monash University Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getayeneh Antehunegn","family":"Tesema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","volume-title":"A Pattern of Violence: How the Law Classifies Crimes and What it Means for Justice","author":"Sklansky D. 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