{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:19:17Z","timestamp":1788344357886,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a significant foodborne pathogen responsible for severe gastroenteritis and systemic infections in humans and animals. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains poses a major public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates obtained from various sources, including food and human clinical samples, and to study the effectiveness of bacteriophages against isolated strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 80\n                      <jats:italic>S. Typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were obtained from two clinics between 2015 and 2022, and 16 ground meat samples were collected from agricultural markets. Standard microbiological methods were used for\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolation, including culture\u2010based techniques and biochemical confirmation. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method using 8 common antibiotics. New bacteriophages were isolated against multidrug\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Electron microscopy for bacteriophage morphology investigation was employed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, with multidrug resistance (MDR) observed in 16% of the isolates. The phage cocktail composed of six phages showed efficacy against 88.3%\n                      <jats:italic>S. Typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains of different origins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study highlights the widespread occurrence of antimicrobial\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      in food and human samples. The presence of MDR strains poses a serious threat to public health, necessitating biosecurity interventions to limit the spread of resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. The bacteriophages assessed in this study demonstrated significant potential for the biocontrol of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. The phage cocktail may be used for both food safety and therapeutic purposes, particularly against antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria causing salmonellosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:36:26Z","timestamp":1777527386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of a Salmonella Bacteriophage Cocktail Against Multidrug\u2010Resistant Salmonella Isolates From Clinical and Food Samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8114-6287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taras","family":"Gabisonia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Petre Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3682-3899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manana","family":"Loladze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petre Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy Tbilisi Georgia"},{"name":"G. 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Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0652-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manana","family":"Nadiradze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9876-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maia","family":"Alibegashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Eliava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. 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