{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:19:32Z","timestamp":1788344372862,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menstrual irregularities affect women's physiological, psychological, and reproductive health, yet remain understudied among university students in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess menstrual characteristics using a composite menstrual irregularity (CMI) score and identified key determinants among female undergraduates in Chittagong.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An institution\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 469 female undergraduates from three universities in Chittagong, Bangladesh (September 2024\u2013May 2025). The CMI score and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS\u201010) were used for assessing menstrual irregularity and stress level respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models have been applied; results are shown as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 469 participants (240 non\u2010medical, 229 medical; median age 22 years [IQR 21\u201323]), 81.2% met CMI\u20101 (mild irregularity), 45.5% met CMI\u20102 (moderate irregularity), and 16.9% met CMI\u20103 (severe irregularity). Metrorrhagia was the strongest predictor across all thresholds (CMI\u20101: AOR 4.37 [1.26\u201327.65]; CMI\u20102: AOR 3.12 [1.53\u20136.71]; CMI\u20103: AOR 3.27 [1.53\u20136.83]; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Middle\u2010range income (20,000\u201340,000 BDT) elevated CMI\u20101 odds (AOR 5.52 [1.78\u201317.88];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). In stratified analyzes, late menarche predicted irregularity exclusively among non\u2010medical students (CMI\u20101: AOR 2.71 [1.22\u20136.50]; CMI\u20102: AOR 1.93 [1.06\u20133.57]; CMI\u20103: AOR 2.37 [1.08\u20135.31]; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); married status was protective against CMI\u20102 in non\u2010medical students (AOR 0.24 [0.08\u20130.65];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006); and hostel residence increased CMI\u20102 odds in medical students (AOR 2.73 [1.17\u20136.72];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023). High perceived stress was not independently associated with any threshold. The Internet and mass media were the primary sources of menstrual knowledge (52.5%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menstrual irregularity is prevalent and multidimensionally patterned among female undergraduates in Bangladesh. Perceived stress, though elevated among non\u2010medical students, was not independently associated with irregularity in adjusted models. Metrorrhagia, income, late menarche, and living arrangements are key modifiable factors. These findings support targeted university health interventions and evidence\u2010based menstrual health policies in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:56:41Z","timestamp":1777355801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Composite Assessment of Menstrual Irregularity and Its Determinants Among Medical and Non\u2010Medical Female Undergraduates in Chittagong, Bangladesh: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mayin Uddin","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy International Islamic University Chittagong Chattogram Kumira Bangladesh"},{"name":"Drug Insides and Disease Epidemiology\u2010DIDE Chattogram Khulshi Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brinta","family":"Bhowmik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Insides and Disease Epidemiology\u2010DIDE Chattogram Khulshi Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Creative Technology Chittagong Chattogram Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7408-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Injamul","family":"Hoq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Insides and Disease Epidemiology\u2010DIDE Chattogram Khulshi Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Creative Technology Chittagong Chattogram Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Aktar","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy International Islamic University Chittagong Chattogram Kumira Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0816-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Zakir","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sciences University of Dhaka Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002803"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100399"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","article-title":"The Impact of Irregular Menstruation on Health: A Review of the Literature","volume":"15","author":"Attia G. 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