{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:19:07Z","timestamp":1788344347084,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus remains a major public health challenge in Australia. This cross\u2010sectional pilot feasibility study evaluated the feasibility of pharmacy\u2010led diabetes screening in rural New South Wales and examined diabetes knowledge, AUSDRISK, and follow\u2010up behavior after referral.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a 5\u2010month (January\u2013May 2023) cross\u2010sectional pilot feasibility study conducted across community pharmacies within Western New South Wales LHD. Pharmacies\u00a0were enrolled, into the study following expression of interest. Point\u2010of\u2010care HbA1c and\/or random blood glucose (RBG) testing was conducted for eligible participants. All individuals with abnormal results were referred to general practitioners (GP) and followed up by a clinician. Descriptive analysis was performed using R (version 4.3.1). All tests were two\u2010sided with\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 17 enrolled pharmacies, 9 completed the study with a total of 116 adults recruited from the participating pharmacies. Ninety\u2010five participants completed the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire and AUSDRISK assessment. Seventy\u2010six percent (76.6% [95% CI: 67.1%, 84.0%]) were classified as high risk using AUSDRISK. Fifty\u2010seven percent (57.7% [95% CI: 47.7%, 67.2%]) had elevated HbA1c and\/or RBG levels. Following GP referral, only 15% attended follow\u2010up testing. Among attendees, 44% were diagnosed with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacy\u2010based diabetes screening is operationally feasible in rural Australia and identifies substantial undiagnosed diabetes. However, effective linkage to primary care remains a significant challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:57:14Z","timestamp":1777870634000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expanding Access to Early Diabetes Detection: A Pharmacy\u2010Based Screening Pilot in Rural New South Wales"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1727-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osuagwu Levi","family":"Uchechukwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine Western Sydney University Bathurst NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine Western Sydney University Bathurst NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4111-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kingsley","family":"Agho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Western Sydney University Campbelltown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macarthur Clinical School, School of Medicine Western Sydney University Campbelltown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine Western Sydney University Bathurst NSW Australia"},{"name":"Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences Charles Sturt University Bathurst New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2242-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eme Eseme","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine Western Sydney University Bathurst NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddarth","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine Western Sydney University Bathurst NSW Australia"},{"name":"Bathurst Base Hospital Bathurst New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0985-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gulbali Research Institute Charles Sturt University Bathurst New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S552026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2025.21.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96308-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Diabetes: Australian Facts","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Diabetes: Australian Facts","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fds078"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2015.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Detecting Undiagnosed Diabetes in Urban Asian Indians\u2010Role of Opportunistic Screening","volume":"52","author":"Ramachandran A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2020.1795439"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.997"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.4.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229842"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.12323"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-017-0250-z"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"1142","article-title":"Keeping Family Physicians in Rural Practice. Solutions Favoured by Rural Physicians and Family Medicine Residents","volume":"49","author":"Rourke J. T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician Medecin de famille canadien"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics Patient Experiences (2023\u20132024) https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/health\/health\u2010services\/patient\u2010experiences\/latest\u2010release."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-10-21-6216"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30878"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.14070"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S503754","article-title":"The Relationship Between Diabetes Knowledge and Diabetes Self\u2010Care Behaviors in Relation to Diabetes Distress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study in Eastern Taiwan","volume":"18","author":"Chen Y. C.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","unstructured":"NSW Government Western NSW Local Health District (2023) https:\/\/www.nsw.gov.au\/health\/wnswlhd."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021) https:\/\/abs.gov.au\/census\/find\u2010census\u2010data\/quickstats\/2021\/IQSLGA10470."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","unstructured":"Informed Decisions Urban Overlay Long Term Health Conditions (2024) https:\/\/profile.id.com.au\/bathurst\/long\u2010term\u2010health?COIID=3270&Denominator=3270&WebId=220&BMID=110."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics Bathurst Regional Census All persons QuickStats (2021) https:\/\/abs.gov.au\/census\/find\u2010census\u2010data\/quickstats\/2021\/LGA10470."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0225"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00672-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Does the AUSDRISK Tool Predict Perceived Risk of Developing Diabetes and Likelihood of Lifestyle Change","volume":"1","author":"Ikin C. R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Primary Care Australia"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10269-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.13181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-11-20-5718"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102257"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi.1586"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Validation of a Diabetes Knowledge and Behaviour Questionnaire","volume":"3","author":"Mandell C.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Evaluation of a Diabetes Knowledge and Behaviour (DKB) Questionnaire","volume":"3","author":"Simmons D.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/BMI.S38440"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)80085-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","first-page":"B21","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Results of the Kumamoto Study on Optimal Diabetes Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients","volume":"23","author":"Shichiri M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052187"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091157"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-019-0973-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01294-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.110195"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PY16093"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae379"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72460","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72460","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72460","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:59:21Z","timestamp":1788343161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72460","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72460"}}