{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:02:21Z","timestamp":1774440141601,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although extensive research has been conducted on the psychological impact after exposure to the COVID\u201019 pandemic, very few studies simultaneously investigated the negative and positive impacts on urban and rural residents. This study aims to compare the extent of psychological impact on Indonesian living in urban and rural areas a year after the first case of COVID\u201019 was reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Methodology and Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>We employed a cross\u2010sectional study design. A total of 428 participants completed a set of web\u2010based questionnaires from February to March 2021, consisting of the Impact of Event Scale\u2010Revised (IES\u2010R), the Perceived Social\u2010Support (PSS), the mental health\u2010related lifestyle (MHLS), and 6\u2010item negative impacts, and the Jenkins' Sleep Scale (JSS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over 40% of the participants reported moderate to severe trauma\u2010related distress; 30%\u201340% increased stress at work, home, and financial stress, and 50% more social support gained from their family and friends. Although 62.1% of participants paid more attention to their mental health, only 30% engaged in a healthier lifestyle, and 36.7% had sleep problems. No significant differences were found between urban and rural residents on psychological impact, changes in mental health and related lifestyles, and sleep quality. Urban residents perceived more negative impacts, in parallel with increased social support, compared to rural residents. We also found a significant correlation between psychological impact, sleep disturbance, and increased social support. However, there was no significant association between mental health\u2010related lifestyles and other scales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Originality and Value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is among the first studies that examine the urban\u2013rural disparity on the positive and negative impact of the COVID\u201019 in the later stage of the pandemic. Our findings offer insights to provide equal effort to mitigate the negative impacts of the COVID\u201019 crisis as well as promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in both urban and rural residencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T06:24:06Z","timestamp":1659939846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of the restrictions on community activities policy during the COVID\u201019 on psychological health in Indonesia's urban and rural residents: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5907-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desdiani","family":"Desdiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Serang Banten Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Bhayangkara Brimob Hospital Cimanggis Depok Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0298-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Auditya P.","family":"Sutarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering Universitas Qomaruddin Gresik Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID\u201019 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Worldometer. 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