{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:59:26Z","timestamp":1792645166246,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in dermatology, offering potential for enhanced drug delivery, targeted therapy, and improved bioavailability for various skin conditions. However, despite significant research output, translational barriers persist due to heterogeneous study designs, safety concerns, and regulatory inconsistencies, which limit clinical adoption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review aims to synthesize evidence on the performance and safety of dermatology\u2010relevant nanocarriers, identify methodological and standardization gaps hindering clinical translation, and outline regulatory and clinical implications for the near\u2010term adoption of nanotechnology in dermatological practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review was conducted covering the period 2015\u20132026. Data sources included PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Search strategies employed terms related to dermatology, nanotechnology, nanoparticle types, and applications. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracting data on nanoparticle class, indication, model systems, endpoints, safety signals, and regulatory notes. Thematic synthesis was performed with signal\u2010strength grading; quantitative pooling was not performed due to heterogeneous study designs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of 128 studies revealed three primary nanoparticle classes with distinct profiles. Metallic nanoparticles (TiO\u2082, ZnO, Ag, Au) demonstrate size\u2010dependent skin penetration (10\u2013200\u2009nm) with TiO\u2082\/ZnO showing minimal systemic absorption (epidermal retention 0.47\u20130.53\u2009\u03bcg\/cm\u00b2; systemic &lt;\u20095\u2009\u03bcg\/L) while silver exhibits dose\u2010dependent cytotoxicity above 6\u201325\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA, chitosan) enable controlled release (20\u2013300\u2009nm) with improved delivery for psoriasis and acne. Lipid\u2010based carriers (SLNs, NLCs, liposomes) enhance barrier repair and reduce irritation in atopic dermatitis. Condition\u2010specific benefits include enhanced follicular targeting in acne, improved plaque penetration in psoriasis, and antimicrobial pro\u2010healing effects in wounds. However, stability issues such as oxidative rancidity, polymorphic transitions, and microbial growth compromise clinical reliability. Regulatory frameworks diverge significantly, with the EU mandating pre\u2010market notification and nano\u2010labeling while the US relies on manufacturer\u2010driven assessment. Emerging technologies, including stimuli\u2010responsive systems, exosome\u2010based therapies, and AI\u2010personalized formulations, show promise but lack clinical validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nanotechnology significantly enhances dermatological therapeutics through improved bioavailability and targeted delivery, yet translational barriers persist, including formulation instability, heterogeneous methodologies, and insufficient long\u2010term safety data. Standardized characterization protocols, physiologically relevant toxicity models using organ\u2010on\u2010chip platforms, and international regulatory harmonization are urgently needed. Integration of artificial intelligence for formulation optimization and digital surveillance for post\u2010market safety monitoring offers potential pathways to accelerate safe innovation. Addressing these gaps will enable nano\u2010dermatology to fulfill its transformative potential for millions of patients with chronic skin conditions worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T07:16:51Z","timestamp":1779175011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nanotechnology in Dermatology: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Performance, Safety, and Clinical Translation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6418-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Saleh","family":"Al\u2010Dhubaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology, College of Medicine Shaqra University Dawadmi Saudi 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