{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:18:39Z","timestamp":1788344319808,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) care, particularly for patients requiring hemodialysis, presents significant challenges due to the uneven geographical distribution of cases, which complicates equitable resource allocation. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can help identify spatial patterns and clusters, thereby supporting more efficient healthcare planning. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of CKD cases requiring hemodialysis in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cross\u2010sectional descriptive study analyzed hemodialysis patient data collected during January\u2013December 2021. Data from 1709 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were obtained from all 19 governmental and 2 private hemodialysis centers operating at the provincial level. As all registered dialysis centers were included, the data set was considered representative of the provincial hemodialysis population. Records with incomplete key variables were excluded from analysis. Spatial prevalence patterns were assessed using spatial autocorrelation techniques, including the global Moran's\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      and local Moran's\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      indices, to identify nonrandom spatial distributions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of hemodialysis in West Azerbaijan Province was 52.33 per 100,000 population. The global Moran's\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      index was 0.2706 (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.82,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.10), indicating a clustered spatial pattern with positive spatial autocorrelation. Local Moran's\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis revealed no high\u2013high clusters of hemodialysis prevalence. However, two significant low\u2013low clusters (cold spots) were identified in the cities of Showt and Mako, while a high\u2013low cluster was observed in Qarah Zia ol Din.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight spatial inequalities in hemodialysis distribution and underscore the importance of geographically targeted resource allocation and public health strategies to improve CKD care delivery in the region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T10:16:08Z","timestamp":1779272168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geographical Distribution of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Hemodialysis Care in Northwest Iran: A Retrospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6078-0390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fathiyeh","family":"Bahramnejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"},{"name":"Department of Health Information Technology Sirjan School of Medical Sciences Sirjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Moulaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spiritual Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7750-6294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soheil","family":"Hashtarkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Center for Biomedical Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4503-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Makhdoomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6519-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi Lotfnezhad","family":"Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4927-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahlol","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"},{"name":"Health and Biomedical Informatics Research Center Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.01.012"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","first-page":"2231","article-title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, Adherence and Non Adherence in Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Study","volume":"3","author":"Salini 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