{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:02:20Z","timestamp":1789984940335,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is gaining attention in the global health community due to its potential for human transmission and similarities to the well\u2010known smallpox virus. Mpox was first detected in the 1970s and mostly affects Central and West Africa. However, it has caused rare outbreaks in isolated regions worldwide, indicating a possible global health impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this review, we will look at several elements of mpox, such as its epidemiological patterns, clinical symptoms in infected individuals, and contemporary diagnostic and preventative techniques. A large portion of this review is also devoted to assessing the efficacy and safety of investigational antiviral medicines like cidofovir and brincidofovir. These assessments are based on controlled experiments conducted in laboratory settings and investigations on animal models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>So far, the medical profession lacks antiviral drugs, particularly intended to combat mpox. However, research has yielded promising outcomes in the usage of investigational medications such as cidofovir and brincidofovir. In the absence of targeted antiviral therapies, mpox is primarily managed by supportive care. This involves attempts to alleviate symptoms, keep hydration and electrolyte balance, and adopt effective infection control techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review provides an informative and thorough examination of mpox, emphasizing its importance and possible hazards in both public health and therapeutic settings. The lack of specialized antiviral therapies for mpox is a huge gap in our medical arsenal. However, continuous research into new medications provides a glimpse of optimism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T06:37:27Z","timestamp":1779950247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Global Health Alert on the Re\u2010Emergence of Mpox a Viral Zoonotic Illness Its Prevention and Management: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2285-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muslim Bin","family":"Aqeel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedicine Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2670-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asif","family":"Hanif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahzad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Buckingham Buckingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0935-3238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Iftikhar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9654-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benish","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazia","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Buckingham Buckingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27884"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01742-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02075-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2208860"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032299"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_7_1","volume-title":"Situation Update","author":"Outbreak, M.\u2010C.M","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104509"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207323"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.26531"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_18_13_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Overview of Case Definitions and Contact Tracing Indications in the 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak","volume":"31","author":"Guarducci G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Le Infezioni in Medicina"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_18_14_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Human Monkeypox Disease (MPX)","volume":"30","author":"Farahat R. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Le Infezioni in Medicina"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00775-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_18_16_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Antivirals for the Treatment of Monkeypox: Utilization in the General and HIV\u2010Positive Population and Gaps for Research. A Short Narrative Review","volume":"31","author":"Ivanov D. T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Le Infezioni in Medicina"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.014"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_18_18_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"A Human Infection Caused by Monkeypox Virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"46","author":"Ladnyj I. D.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_18_19_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Human Monkeypox: Disease Pattern, Incidence and Attack Rates in a Rural Area of Northern Zaire","volume":"40","author":"Jezek Z.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_18_20_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Monkey Pox Virus Infection in Humans in the Central African Republic","volume":"78","author":"Khodakevich L.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique et de ses Filiales"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_18_21_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"First Appearance of Monkey Pox in Human Beings in Gabon","volume":"51","author":"Meyer A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medecine Tropicale: Revue du Corps de Sante Colonial"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30043-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_18_23_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Monkeypox: Second Human Case Observed in Ivory Coast (Rural Health Sector of Daloa","volume":"43","author":"Merouze F.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Medecine Tropicale: Revue du Corps de Sante Colonial"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_18_24_1","first-page":"633","article-title":"Human Infection With Monkeypox Virus: Laboratory Investigation of Six Cases in West Africa","volume":"46","author":"Lourie B.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011720"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)63725-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2919-2921.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1306.061540"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505880"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01215-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2502.181222"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007791"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00359-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111257"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.242347"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_37_1","volume-title":"The Epidemiology and Control of Malaria","author":"MacDonald G.","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036121"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2810.221126"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13785"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.24.2200482"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2024.100704"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.114209"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_45_1","volume-title":"Viral and Other Infections of the Human Respiratory Tract","author":"Myint S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.16.SPL1.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4042962"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_18_48_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Human Monkeypox, 1970\u201079","volume":"58","author":"Breman J. G.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077804"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780373"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.16.10397-10407.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2022-0520-SA"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47262\/BL\/8.2.20220610"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200422"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_55_1","unstructured":"F. S.Minhaj et al. Monkeypox Outbreak\u2014Nine states May 2022: Weekly\/June 10 2022\/71 (23); 764\u2013769. 2022 Wiley Online Library."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102855"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_57_1","unstructured":"M. J.Moore B.Rathish andF.Zahra Mpox (Monkeypox).2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112749"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13030207"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050784"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071457"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082234"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix260"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29929"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595552"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102459"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2023.43.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit703"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102368"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpcy.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425039"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1273"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2016.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.101051"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01321-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2704.203569"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02089-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/738020"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1972.21.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106960"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091419"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.3.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add3743"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcle.2023.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091894"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.798"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.26756"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9120380"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(85)90308-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-023-00870-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.11.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v2122740"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy326"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.768"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_98_1","unstructured":"CDC C. Treatment Information for Healthcare Professionals.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_100_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug\u2010Induced Liver Injury. 2012: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.4.991-995.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132231"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624241238813"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2912.230849"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72560","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.72560","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.72560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:16:44Z","timestamp":1789982204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.72560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.72560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.72560","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72560"}}